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Peer-reviewedCC BY 3.0Chemical Science

In situ iodine-grafted SPAN via a decoupled additive for durable and high-rate Na–S batteries

  • Mingyue Yang1
  • Xue Li2
  • Qingyi Feng3
  • Yeqing Yang1
  • Xiaocong Shen1
  • Kaizhi Chen1
  • Long Yao1
  • Kunjie Zhu1
  • Xiang-Long Huang1
  • Zhe Hu2
  • Hua-Kun Liu1
  • Yun-Xiao Wang1,4
4 affiliations
  1. 1Institute of Energy Materials Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 290000 P. R. China
  2. 2Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
  3. 3ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen 518110 P. R. China
  4. 4Australian Institute of Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong NSW 2500 Australia
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Abstract

Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) alleviate polysulfide shuttling and sodium dendrite growth in room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries, yet they remain incapable of resolving the high nucleation barrier for sodium and sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Herein, we introduce antimony triiodide (SbI3) as a decoupled additive into an LHCE for RT Na–S batteries. The Sb ions promote the formation of a sodiophilic Na3Sb interphase, effectively lowering the nucleation overpotential and enabling uniform Na deposition on the anode. Meanwhile, the iodine species are in situ grafted onto sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) skeletons through their attack on the C

Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019

N bonds, which perturbs the adjacent C–S bonds and thereby weakens the S–S bonds within the covalent –C–Sx–C– chains. The iodine-grafted SPAN cathode is shown to achieve fast redox reaction kinetics and high reversibility. As a result, RT Na-SPAN batteries employing the SbI3-modified LHCE deliver a low capacity decay rate of 0.09% per cycle over 2500 cycles at 1.0C as well as a superb rate capability of 685 mA h g−1 at 4.0C. This work establishes a new paradigm of in situ covalent grafting via a bifunctional additive and offers a new approach for the simultaneous engineering of cathode redox kinetics and anode interfacial stability in high-performance metal–sulfur batteries.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{yang2026situ,
  title = {{In situ iodine-grafted SPAN via a decoupled additive for durable and high-rate Na–S batteries}},
  author = {Mingyue Yang and Xue Li and Qingyi Feng and Yeqing Yang and Xiaocong Shen and Kaizhi Chen and Long Yao and Kunjie Zhu and Xiang-Long Huang and Zhe Hu and Hua-Kun Liu and Yun-Xiao Wang},
  journal = {Chemical Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1039/d6sc06580e},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1039/d6sc06580e},
  note = {CC BY 3.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - In situ iodine-grafted SPAN via a decoupled additive for durable and high-rate Na–S batteries
AU  - Mingyue Yang
AU  - Xue Li
AU  - Qingyi Feng
AU  - Yeqing Yang
AU  - Xiaocong Shen
AU  - Kaizhi Chen
AU  - Long Yao
AU  - Kunjie Zhu
AU  - Xiang-Long Huang
AU  - Zhe Hu
AU  - Hua-Kun Liu
AU  - Yun-Xiao Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/18
JO  - Chemical Science
DO  - 10.1039/d6sc06580e
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1039/d6sc06580e
AB  - Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) alleviate polysulfide shuttling and sodium dendrite growth in room-temperature sodium–sulfur (RT Na–S) batteries, yet they remain incapable of resolving the high nucleation barrier for sodium and sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Herein, we introduce antimony triiodide (SbI3) as a decoupled additive into an LHCE for RT Na–S batteries. The Sb ions promote the formation of a sodiophilic Na3Sb interphase, effectively lowering the nucleation overpotential and enabling uniform Na deposition on the anode. Meanwhile, the iodine species are in situ grafted onto sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) skeletons through their attack on the C  Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019  N bonds, which perturbs the adjacent C–S bonds and thereby weakens the S–S bonds within the covalent –C–Sx–C– chains. The iodine-grafted SPAN cathode is shown to achieve fast redox reaction kinetics and high reversibility. As a result, RT Na-SPAN batteries employing the SbI3-modified LHCE deliver a low capacity decay rate of 0.09% per cycle over 2500 cycles at 1.0C as well as a superb rate capability of 685 mA h g−1 at 4.0C. This work establishes a new paradigm of in situ covalent grafting via a bifunctional additive and offers a new approach for the simultaneous engineering of cathode redox kinetics and anode interfacial stability in high-performance metal–sulfur batteries.
SN  - 2041-6520
SN  - 2041-6539
ER  -