Surface-Induced Spectral Broadening during Efficient Two-Photon Excitation of Cold 133Cs Atoms near an Optical Nanofiber
Abstract
We report the experimental observation of the 133Cs 6S1/2 to 6D5/2 single-frequency two-photon transition at low excitation power using an optical nanofiber embedded in a cold atom cloud. We investigate the 917 nm fluorescence spectra modified by the surface-induced interaction of the nanofiber, which exhibits a pronounced asymmetric broadening with a distinct red-shifted tail. We present a systematic theoretical description of the two-photon transition process of atoms near a nanofiber surface, considering atomic angular momentum coupling, guided-mode decay rate, and surface-induced van der Waals interactions. Owing to the tight spatial confinement provided by the guided evanescent field, efficient nonlinear excitation is realized at excitation powers down to tens of microwatts, corresponding to a reduction of approximately four orders of magnitude relative to typical free-space implementations. Our work reveals the interplay among waveguide-modified radiative dynamics, surface-induced interactions, and the spatial distribution of atoms around the nanofiber, and provides insights into further studies on nonlinear optical transitions and surface-mediated atomic dynamics in waveguide quantum electrodynamics systems.
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BibTeX
@misc{jiang2026surfaceinduced,
title = {{Surface-Induced Spectral Broadening during Efficient Two-Photon Excitation of Cold $^133\textCs$ Atoms near an Optical Nanofiber}},
author = {Yuan Jiang and Xiaodong Qi and Nicolás Vera Paz and Yilin Chen and Tanbin Wu and Dianqiang Su and Pablo Solano and Yanting Zhao},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.38062},
eprint = {2609.38062},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38062},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Surface-Induced Spectral Broadening during Efficient Two-Photon Excitation of Cold ^133Cs Atoms near an Optical Nanofiber
AU - Yuan Jiang
AU - Xiaodong Qi
AU - Nicolás Vera Paz
AU - Yilin Chen
AU - Tanbin Wu
AU - Dianqiang Su
AU - Pablo Solano
AU - Yanting Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/05
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.38062
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.38062
AB - We report the experimental observation of the ^133Cs 6S_1/2 to 6D_5/2 single-frequency two-photon transition at low excitation power using an optical nanofiber embedded in a cold atom cloud. We investigate the 917 nm fluorescence spectra modified by the surface-induced interaction of the nanofiber, which exhibits a pronounced asymmetric broadening with a distinct red-shifted tail. We present a systematic theoretical description of the two-photon transition process of atoms near a nanofiber surface, considering atomic angular momentum coupling, guided-mode decay rate, and surface-induced van der Waals interactions. Owing to the tight spatial confinement provided by the guided evanescent field, efficient nonlinear excitation is realized at excitation powers down to tens of microwatts, corresponding to a reduction of approximately four orders of magnitude relative to typical free-space implementations. Our work reveals the interplay among waveguide-modified radiative dynamics, surface-induced interactions, and the spatial distribution of atoms around the nanofiber, and provides insights into further studies on nonlinear optical transitions and surface-mediated atomic dynamics in waveguide quantum electrodynamics systems.
ER -