Lipidomic Profiling of Commercial Hydnocarpus wightianus Oil by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS: Degradation-Associated Lipid Classes as Candidate Quality Attributes for a Non-Pharmacopoeial Excipient
4 affiliations
- 1Institute of Chemistry, University of Opole, 48 Oleska St., 45-052 Opole, Poland
- 2Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 4/6 Norwida St., 50-373 Wrocław, Poland
- 3Department of Drug Forms Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, 211 Borowska St., 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
- 4Biotts S.A., 44c Wrocławska St., 55-040 Bielany Wrocławskie, Poland
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Chaulmoogra oil (ChO), from Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume seeds, is returning to use as the lipid phase of transdermal carriers, yet no pharmacopoeial monograph governs it. This work asked whether lipid classes associated with hydrolysis and oxidation distinguish oils that a fatty acid specification would not separate. Methods: Three commercial products, each analyzed once, were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), and two of them also by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Growth inhibition was tested by broth dilution. Results: Cyclopentenyl acids dominated the fatty acid composition. In one product (ChO 2), fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) accounted for about 14% of the annotated negative-mode signal, against 2 and 4% in the others, and diacylglycerols for 1.3% of the positive-mode signal, against 0.3 and 0.7%. The acid value (1.9 to 2.8 mg KOH/g) and the share of oxidized triacylglycerols were instead highest in ChO 3. No measurable growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus or Candida albicans by the crude oils was detected up to 250 µg/mL. Conclusions: A specification based on fatty acid composition alone would not separate these products, and the FAHFA and diacylglycerol shares are proposed as candidate attributes associated with hydrolysis and oxidation that require validation.
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BibTeX
@article{balwierz2026lipidomic,
title = {{Lipidomic Profiling of Commercial Hydnocarpus wightianus Oil by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS: Degradation-Associated Lipid Classes as Candidate Quality Attributes for a Non-Pharmacopoeial Excipient}},
author = {Radosław Balwierz and Natalia Schäfer and Patryk Kuropka and Jerzy Wiśniewski and Dorota Wieczorek and Paweł Biernat and Jacek Lipok},
journal = {Molecules},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/molecules31203582},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3582},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Lipidomic Profiling of Commercial Hydnocarpus wightianus Oil by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and GC-MS: Degradation-Associated Lipid Classes as Candidate Quality Attributes for a Non-Pharmacopoeial Excipient
AU - Radosław Balwierz
AU - Natalia Schäfer
AU - Patryk Kuropka
AU - Jerzy Wiśniewski
AU - Dorota Wieczorek
AU - Paweł Biernat
AU - Jacek Lipok
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Molecules
DO - 10.3390/molecules31203582
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3582
AB - Background/Objectives: Chaulmoogra oil (ChO), from Hydnocarpus wightianus Blume seeds, is returning to use as the lipid phase of transdermal carriers, yet no pharmacopoeial monograph governs it. This work asked whether lipid classes associated with hydrolysis and oxidation distinguish oils that a fatty acid specification would not separate. Methods: Three commercial products, each analyzed once, were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), and two of them also by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Growth inhibition was tested by broth dilution. Results: Cyclopentenyl acids dominated the fatty acid composition. In one product (ChO 2), fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) accounted for about 14% of the annotated negative-mode signal, against 2 and 4% in the others, and diacylglycerols for 1.3% of the positive-mode signal, against 0.3 and 0.7%. The acid value (1.9 to 2.8 mg KOH/g) and the share of oxidized triacylglycerols were instead highest in ChO 3. No measurable growth inhibition of Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus or Candida albicans by the crude oils was detected up to 250 µg/mL. Conclusions: A specification based on fatty acid composition alone would not separate these products, and the FAHFA and diacylglycerol shares are proposed as candidate attributes associated with hydrolysis and oxidation that require validation.
SN - 1420-3049
ER -