Lead paint detection and child blood-lead levels in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
Abstract
Lead (Pb) paint still sold in Côte d’Ivoire represents a potential health risk for children in particular. To evaluate this risk, pregnant women were recruited and provided with (1) infographics on the risks of Pb exposure, (2) a kit to test paint for Pb at home, and (3) a survey of home paint for Pb using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF readings for painted surfaces exceeded 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg/kg for 275 (61%), 104 (23%) and 8 (2%) of a total of 454 spots also tested with the kit, averaging 1,100 mg/kg Pb. Kit results were negative for 99% of surfaces with paint XRF readings ≤100 mg/kg Pb and positive for 41% of surface XRF readings >100 mg/kg, with most discrepancies attributable to Pb paint covered by paint with little Pb. The widespread occurrence of surficial Pb paint in Abidjan is therefore detectable with a simple kit. Tap water samples were also collected but Pb concentrations were below 10 µg/L with only a few exceptions. Blood-lead level (BLL) measurements were obtained using the LeadCare II for a subset of households but an association between Pb concentrations in paint and BLLs could not be demonstrated. Median BLLs were 57.0 µg/L for 28 children and 44.0 µg/L for 45 adults. Median Pb concentrations of painted surfaces assessed by XRF were 336 mg/kg for children with BLL<100 µg/L and 1,258 mg/kg for children with BLL≥100 µg/L (p=0.56).
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BibTeX
@article{bodeaulivinec2026lead,
title = {{Lead paint detection and child blood-lead levels in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.}},
author = {Florence Bodeau-Livinec and Stéphanie dos Santos and Jacques Gardon and Véronique Gille and Flore Gubert and Franck Houffoué and Mawa Koné and Hugues Kouadio and Ernest Kouassi Ahoussi and Mathias Yao Kouassi and Epiphane Marahoua and Camille Medy Nongbe and Camille Saint-Macary and Petanki Soro and Alexander van Geen},
journal = {Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1016/j.heha.2026.100198},
url = {https://ehesp.hal.science/hal-05830655v1},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Lead paint detection and child blood-lead levels in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
AU - Florence Bodeau-Livinec
AU - Stéphanie dos Santos
AU - Jacques Gardon
AU - Véronique Gille
AU - Flore Gubert
AU - Franck Houffoué
AU - Mawa Koné
AU - Hugues Kouadio
AU - Ernest Kouassi Ahoussi
AU - Mathias Yao Kouassi
AU - Epiphane Marahoua
AU - Camille Medy Nongbe
AU - Camille Saint-Macary
AU - Petanki Soro
AU - Alexander van Geen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - Hygiene and Environmental Health Advances
DO - 10.1016/j.heha.2026.100198
UR - https://ehesp.hal.science/hal-05830655v1
AB - Lead (Pb) paint still sold in Côte d’Ivoire represents a potential health risk for children in particular. To evaluate this risk, pregnant women were recruited and provided with (1) infographics on the risks of Pb exposure, (2) a kit to test paint for Pb at home, and (3) a survey of home paint for Pb using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). XRF readings for painted surfaces exceeded 100, 1,000, and 10,000 mg/kg for 275 (61%), 104 (23%) and 8 (2%) of a total of 454 spots also tested with the kit, averaging 1,100 mg/kg Pb. Kit results were negative for 99% of surfaces with paint XRF readings ≤100 mg/kg Pb and positive for 41% of surface XRF readings >100 mg/kg, with most discrepancies attributable to Pb paint covered by paint with little Pb. The widespread occurrence of surficial Pb paint in Abidjan is therefore detectable with a simple kit. Tap water samples were also collected but Pb concentrations were below 10 µg/L with only a few exceptions. Blood-lead level (BLL) measurements were obtained using the LeadCare II for a subset of households but an association between Pb concentrations in paint and BLLs could not be demonstrated. Median BLLs were 57.0 µg/L for 28 children and 44.0 µg/L for 45 adults. Median Pb concentrations of painted surfaces assessed by XRF were 336 mg/kg for children with BLL<100 µg/L and 1,258 mg/kg for children with BLL≥100 µg/L (p=0.56).
SN - 2773-0492
ER -