First density and abundance estimate for the only East African Population of Western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) in Semuliki National Park, Uganda
- 1Chester Zoo
Abstract
Information on Western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) across its range remains scarce and fragmented, leaving the status of populations poorly understood, limiting effective conservation planning. We conducted three camera-trap surveys across Semuliki National Park, Uganda, between October 2019 and August 2020 (90 camera locations; 11,640 camera days), during which we detected the only currently known population of Western bongo in East Africa. We assessed the status of this population using data from the final survey (March-August 2020), when bongos were detected, applying an individual identification system adapted from Eastern bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) and spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling to estimate density and abundance. To reflect known aspects of bongo ecology, we incorporated sex and habitat covariates derived from remotely sensed data as predictors of density. Bongos were detected on 17 occasions, and we identified 18 individuals (11 females and 7 males), of which seven immature individuals (5 females and 2 males). The top-ranking SECR model included the tasseled cap greenness index and sex as predictors of density. The model estimated a population size of 56.49 individuals (SE = 7.69; 95% CI = 41.43-71.56), with an estimated density of 0.58 individuals km-2 (SE = 0.171; 95% CI = 0.32-1.09) within Semuliki National Park. These results provide the first quantitative baseline for this population and suggest the presence of an established breeding population, highlighting the need for structured monitoring to support its long-term conservation.
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BibTeX
@misc{sandri2026first,
title = {{First density and abundance estimate for the only East African Population of Western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) in Semuliki National Park, Uganda}},
author = {T. Sandri and N. Matthews and S. Isoke and M. Vyalengerera and C. Asiimwe and R. Aruho and A. von Hardenberg and S. Nixon},
howpublished = {bioRxiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.64898/2026.09.23.753876},
url = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.23.753876v1},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - First density and abundance estimate for the only East African Population of Western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) in Semuliki National Park, Uganda
AU - T. Sandri
AU - N. Matthews
AU - S. Isoke
AU - M. Vyalengerera
AU - C. Asiimwe
AU - R. Aruho
AU - A. von Hardenberg
AU - S. Nixon
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/23
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/2026.09.23.753876
UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.23.753876v1
AB - Information on Western bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus eurycerus) across its range remains scarce and fragmented, leaving the status of populations poorly understood, limiting effective conservation planning. We conducted three camera-trap surveys across Semuliki National Park, Uganda, between October 2019 and August 2020 (90 camera locations; 11,640 camera days), during which we detected the only currently known population of Western bongo in East Africa. We assessed the status of this population using data from the final survey (March-August 2020), when bongos were detected, applying an individual identification system adapted from Eastern bongo (Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaci) and spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling to estimate density and abundance. To reflect known aspects of bongo ecology, we incorporated sex and habitat covariates derived from remotely sensed data as predictors of density. Bongos were detected on 17 occasions, and we identified 18 individuals (11 females and 7 males), of which seven immature individuals (5 females and 2 males). The top-ranking SECR model included the tasseled cap greenness index and sex as predictors of density. The model estimated a population size of 56.49 individuals (SE = 7.69; 95% CI = 41.43-71.56), with an estimated density of 0.58 individuals km-2 (SE = 0.171; 95% CI = 0.32-1.09) within Semuliki National Park. These results provide the first quantitative baseline for this population and suggest the presence of an established breeding population, highlighting the need for structured monitoring to support its long-term conservation.
ER -