Prevalence and factors influencing influenza vaccination among health care workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 1Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Abstract
Aims
To systematically evaluate the influenza vaccination rate among health care workers in China and identify influencing factors.Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.Data sources
CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, searched from database inception to October 4, 2025.Review methods
Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool. Random-effects models were used to pool vaccination rates and odds ratios. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, with supplementary subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plot and Egger's test.Results
Forty-nine studies involving 111,544 participants were included. The pooled influenza vaccination rate was 27% (95% CI: 21-34%). Factors positively associated with vaccination included: age 40-49 years, female gender, monthly income > 3,000 RMB, professional title, prior vaccination history, institutional encouragement or requirement, free vaccination policies, awareness of optimal vaccination timing, and vaccination willingness.Conclusion
Influenza vaccination coverage among Chinese health care workers remains inadequate. Structural interventions-such as free vaccination, institutional encouragement, and on-site services-combined with tailored strategies targeting younger, male, low-income, and vaccine-naïve individuals are recommended. Given the observational nature of the included studies, the potential role of mandatory policies should be interpreted cautiously, pilot implementation in high-risk settings is suggested before broader adoption.Impact
This study provides an evidence base for formulating targeted influenza vaccination strategies for health care workers in China, which is crucial for reducing nosocomial infection risk and aligning with global public health goals.Patient or public contribution
No patient or public contribution.Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration CRD: 42024553631.
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BibTeX
@article{xiong2026prevalence,
title = {{Prevalence and factors influencing influenza vaccination among health care workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}},
author = {Lina Xiong and Chunfang Cheng and Jie Yun},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2026.1831275},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835288},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Prevalence and factors influencing influenza vaccination among health care workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
AU - Lina Xiong
AU - Chunfang Cheng
AU - Jie Yun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/21
JO - Frontiers in public health
DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1831275
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42835288
AB - Aims To systematically evaluate the influenza vaccination rate among health care workers in China and identify influencing factors.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.Data sources CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, searched from database inception to October 4, 2025.Review methods Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool. Random-effects models were used to pool vaccination rates and odds ratios. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, with supplementary subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plot and Egger's test.Results Forty-nine studies involving 111,544 participants were included. The pooled influenza vaccination rate was 27% (95% CI: 21-34%). Factors positively associated with vaccination included: age 40-49 years, female gender, monthly income > 3,000 RMB, professional title, prior vaccination history, institutional encouragement or requirement, free vaccination policies, awareness of optimal vaccination timing, and vaccination willingness.Conclusion Influenza vaccination coverage among Chinese health care workers remains inadequate. Structural interventions-such as free vaccination, institutional encouragement, and on-site services-combined with tailored strategies targeting younger, male, low-income, and vaccine-naïve individuals are recommended. Given the observational nature of the included studies, the potential role of mandatory policies should be interpreted cautiously, pilot implementation in high-risk settings is suggested before broader adoption.Impact This study provides an evidence base for formulating targeted influenza vaccination strategies for health care workers in China, which is crucial for reducing nosocomial infection risk and aligning with global public health goals.Patient or public contribution No patient or public contribution.Systematic review registration PROSPERO registration CRD: 42024553631.
SN - 2296-2565
ER -