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Peer-reviewedCC BYJournal of Sleep Research

Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post‐Sleep Cardiac Function

  • Giulia Alessandrelli1,2,3,4
  • Stephanie Huwiler2,4
  • Giulio Bernardi5,6
  • Manuel Carro‐Domínguez2,4
  • Fabia M. Stich2,4
  • Rossella Sala2,4
  • Florent Aziri2,4
  • Anna Trippel2,4
  • Susanne Markendorf7,8
  • David Niederseer9,10,7,11,12,8
  • Philipp Bohm10,7,12,8
  • Pietro Cerveri1,13,3,14
5 more authors
  • Francesca Siclari15,16,17,18,19,20
  • Reto Huber21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28
  • Nicole Wenderoth29,2,24,30,4,28
  • Christian Marc Schmied7,8
  • Caroline Lustenberger21,2,24,25,4,28
30 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano
  2. 2Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of HealthSciences and Technology, ETH Zurich
  3. 3Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 2033 Milan, Italy
  4. 4Neural Control of Movement Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of HealthSciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 809 Zurich, Switzerland
  5. 5MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca
  6. 6MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy
  7. 7Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich
  8. 8Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
  9. 9Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Medicine Campus Davos
  10. 10Department of Cardiology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Medicine Campus Davos
  11. 11Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Medicine Campus Davos, 725 Davos, Switzerland
  12. 12Department of Cardiology, Hochgebirgsklinik Davos, Medicine Campus Davos, 726 Davos, Switzerland
  13. 13Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS
  14. 14Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
  15. 15Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois
  16. 16The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience
  17. 17The Sense Innovation and Research Center
  18. 18Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
  19. 19The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  20. 20The Sense Innovation and Research Center, Lausanne and Sion, Switzerland
  21. 21Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich
  22. 22Child Development Centre, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich
  23. 23Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich
  24. 24Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich
  25. 25Center of Competence Sleep & Health Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
  26. 26Child Development Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
  27. 27Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
  28. 28Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
  29. 29Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE)
  30. 30Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Center, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), Singapore
Open at sourceDOICite

Abstract

The importance of sleep as a key component of cardiovascular health has been increasingly recognized. Our previous research demonstrated that auditory-enhanced slow waves increase cardiac function, but the underlying mechanisms behind these beneficial effects remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the influence of two types of slow waves on cardiovascular functions. 18 healthy middle-aged men participated in a three-night sleep lab experiment under three conditions: two auditory slow wave enhancement conditions and one SHAM control. We found that the strength of heart rate and blood pressure responses occurring concurrently with slow waves predicts post-sleep cardiac function in men as measured through transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, we observed that highly synchronized type I slow waves, compared to lower-amplitude type II slow waves, are primarily associated with increased cardiovascular responses (transient increase in heart rate and blood pressure). While auditory stimulation enhances both types of slow waves, they display distinct temporal dynamics, suggesting different underlying brain and body microstates. These distinct slow wave types may affect cardiovascular function differently, indicating that targeted slow wave stimulation could be a strategic approach to enhancing cardiac function. Trial Registration: This study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04166916).

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{alessandrelli2026cardiovascular,
  title = {{Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post‐Sleep Cardiac Function}},
  author = {Giulia Alessandrelli and Stephanie Huwiler and Giulio Bernardi and Manuel Carro‐Domínguez and Fabia M. Stich and Rossella Sala and Florent Aziri and Anna Trippel and Susanne Markendorf and David Niederseer and Philipp Bohm and Pietro Cerveri and Francesca Siclari and Reto Huber and Nicole Wenderoth and Christian Marc Schmied and Caroline Lustenberger},
  journal = {Journal of Sleep Research},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.1111/jsr.70354},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70354},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post‐Sleep Cardiac Function
AU  - Giulia Alessandrelli
AU  - Stephanie Huwiler
AU  - Giulio Bernardi
AU  - Manuel Carro‐Domínguez
AU  - Fabia M. Stich
AU  - Rossella Sala
AU  - Florent Aziri
AU  - Anna Trippel
AU  - Susanne Markendorf
AU  - David Niederseer
AU  - Philipp Bohm
AU  - Pietro Cerveri
AU  - Francesca Siclari
AU  - Reto Huber
AU  - Nicole Wenderoth
AU  - Christian Marc Schmied
AU  - Caroline Lustenberger
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/01
JO  - Journal of Sleep Research
DO  - 10.1111/jsr.70354
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70354
AB  - The importance of sleep as a key component of cardiovascular health has been increasingly recognized. Our previous research demonstrated that auditory-enhanced slow waves increase cardiac function, but the underlying mechanisms behind these beneficial effects remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the influence of two types of slow waves on cardiovascular functions. 18 healthy middle-aged men participated in a three-night sleep lab experiment under three conditions: two auditory slow wave enhancement conditions and one SHAM control. We found that the strength of heart rate and blood pressure responses occurring concurrently with slow waves predicts post-sleep cardiac function in men as measured through transthoracic echocardiography. Furthermore, we observed that highly synchronized type I slow waves, compared to lower-amplitude type II slow waves, are primarily associated with increased cardiovascular responses (transient increase in heart rate and blood pressure). While auditory stimulation enhances both types of slow waves, they display distinct temporal dynamics, suggesting different underlying brain and body microstates. These distinct slow wave types may affect cardiovascular function differently, indicating that targeted slow wave stimulation could be a strategic approach to enhancing cardiac function. Trial Registration: This study was registered under clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04166916).
SN  - 0962-1105
SN  - 1365-2869
ER  -