The Relationship Between Breast Milk Adipocytokine Levels and Anthropometric Measurements of SGA Infants in the First Year of Life
6 affiliations
- 1Social Pediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Atatürk Sanatoryum Training and Research Hospital, 06290 Ankara, Türkiye
- 2Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
- 3Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
- 4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Niğde, Türkiye
- 5Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, 06200 Ankara, Türkiye
- 6Social Pediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, 06170 Ankara, Türkiye
Abstract
Background/Objective: Adipocytokines play a role in infant growth and metabolic programming. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between obestatin, nesfatin-1, visfatin, and adiponectin levels in breast milk and serum of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants and their anthropometric measurements up to one year of age. Methods: Thirty SGA infants and forty AGA (appropriate for gestational age) infants were included in study, and their anthropometric measurements were taken in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 9th, and 12th months of life. Nesfatin-1, adiponectin, obestatin, visfatin levels were examined in breast milk samples and infant serum at 1st and 3rd months using ELISA. Results: Serum and breast milk adiponectin levels at the 1st month were significantly associated with the longitudinal change in head circumference. Breast milk adiponectin at the 1st month was negatively associated with the longitudinal change in head circumference (p = 0.04), while serum adiponectin was positively associated with head circumference change in the first year (p = 0.007). Serum visfatin levels in the 1st month were negatively associated with longitudinal triceps skinfold (TSF) changes (p = 0.04), and there was no relation between nesfatin-1 or obestatin levels in breast milk or serum and changes in the anthropometric indices of infants up to one year of age. Conclusions: Breast milk and serum adiponectin may have an effect on head circumference development up to 1 year of age. Specifically, serum visfatin influenced changes in the infant’s TSF over time and may lead to the fat mass accumulation. Further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to examine the effect of adipocytokines on the growth of SGA infants.
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BibTeX
@article{oztorun2026relationship,
title = {{The Relationship Between Breast Milk Adipocytokine Levels and Anthropometric Measurements of SGA Infants in the First Year of Life}},
author = {Zeynep Yılmaz Öztorun and Fatih Kardaş and Nihal Hatipoğlu and Durmus Ayan and Şerife Buket Bozkurt Polat and Meda Kondolot},
journal = {Nutrients},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/nu18213569},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3569},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - The Relationship Between Breast Milk Adipocytokine Levels and Anthropometric Measurements of SGA Infants in the First Year of Life
AU - Zeynep Yılmaz Öztorun
AU - Fatih Kardaş
AU - Nihal Hatipoğlu
AU - Durmus Ayan
AU - Şerife Buket Bozkurt Polat
AU - Meda Kondolot
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
JO - Nutrients
DO - 10.3390/nu18213569
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3569
AB - Background/Objective: Adipocytokines play a role in infant growth and metabolic programming. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between obestatin, nesfatin-1, visfatin, and adiponectin levels in breast milk and serum of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) infants and their anthropometric measurements up to one year of age. Methods: Thirty SGA infants and forty AGA (appropriate for gestational age) infants were included in study, and their anthropometric measurements were taken in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 9th, and 12th months of life. Nesfatin-1, adiponectin, obestatin, visfatin levels were examined in breast milk samples and infant serum at 1st and 3rd months using ELISA. Results: Serum and breast milk adiponectin levels at the 1st month were significantly associated with the longitudinal change in head circumference. Breast milk adiponectin at the 1st month was negatively associated with the longitudinal change in head circumference (p = 0.04), while serum adiponectin was positively associated with head circumference change in the first year (p = 0.007). Serum visfatin levels in the 1st month were negatively associated with longitudinal triceps skinfold (TSF) changes (p = 0.04), and there was no relation between nesfatin-1 or obestatin levels in breast milk or serum and changes in the anthropometric indices of infants up to one year of age. Conclusions: Breast milk and serum adiponectin may have an effect on head circumference development up to 1 year of age. Specifically, serum visfatin influenced changes in the infant’s TSF over time and may lead to the fat mass accumulation. Further studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to examine the effect of adipocytokines on the growth of SGA infants.
SN - 2072-6643
ER -