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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDBMC veterinary research

Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.

  • Jones Soladoye Akinbobola1
  • Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi2
  • Abdullahi Olawale Bello1
  • Mujeeb Adetayo Adegbenro3
  • Ruth Ifeoluwapo Akinbobola4
  • Amina Ibrahim1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
  2. 2Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. [email protected].
  3. 3Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
  4. 4Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animal production poses a significant public health and agricultural challenge in Nigeria, driven by antimicrobial misuse, weak regulatory enforcement, and limited veterinary infrastructure. This cross-sectional study was conducted January-July 2025 across seven North-Central Nigerian states, assessed self-reported awareness, self-rated knowledge, perceptions, and implementation of AMR interventions among 800 stakeholders across five professional groups. Data were collected via online and in-person questionnaires and analysed descriptively with chi-square tests. Awareness of AMR was high (90.5%; n = 724), with 95.4% (n = 763) recognising it as a public health concern; however, only 17.9% (n = 143) self-rated their knowledge as excellent, significantly associated with profession (χ²=12.52, df = 12, p = 0.01) and education level (χ²=10.27, df = 9, p = 0.02). The most frequently perceived drivers of AMR were poor biosecurity (75.5%), weak veterinary oversight (75.0%), counterfeit drugs (73.9%), and antimicrobial overuse (72.9%), all varying significantly by profession (χ²=6.81-10.69, df = 4, p < 0.05). Education/awareness campaigns were most frequently selected as the most effective intervention (24.4%), with intervention rankings differing significantly by profession (χ²=13.62, df = 16, p < 0.01) and state (χ²=21.02, df = 24, p < 0.01). Awareness of the Federal AMR Committee varied markedly by profession (57.9% overall; χ²=167.36, df = 4, p < 0.001), highest among veterinarians (89.0%). Overall, 60.5% (n = 484) considered current regulations insufficient, differing significantly by profession (χ²=5.03, df = 8, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that while national-level AMR governance structures are recognised and valued, their perceived impact is limited by gaps in sub-national capacity and implementation. Strengthening local-level resources, regulatory enforcement, and targeted training may help translate policy into practice, addressing gaps in awareness, knowledge, and implementation capacity.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{akinbobola2026stakeholder,
  title = {{Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.}},
  author = {Jones Soladoye Akinbobola and Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi and Abdullahi Olawale Bello and Mujeeb Adetayo Adegbenro and Ruth Ifeoluwapo Akinbobola and Amina Ibrahim},
  journal = {BMC veterinary research},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1186/s12917-026-05755-7},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902362},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stakeholder perceptions of antimicrobial resistance governance in livestock production: a cross-sectional study from North-Central Nigeria.
AU  - Jones Soladoye Akinbobola
AU  - Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi
AU  - Abdullahi Olawale Bello
AU  - Mujeeb Adetayo Adegbenro
AU  - Ruth Ifeoluwapo Akinbobola
AU  - Amina Ibrahim
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/23
JO  - BMC veterinary research
DO  - 10.1186/s12917-026-05755-7
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42902362
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in food animal production poses a significant public health and agricultural challenge in Nigeria, driven by antimicrobial misuse, weak regulatory enforcement, and limited veterinary infrastructure. This cross-sectional study was conducted January-July 2025 across seven North-Central Nigerian states, assessed self-reported awareness, self-rated knowledge, perceptions, and implementation of AMR interventions among 800 stakeholders across five professional groups. Data were collected via online and in-person questionnaires and analysed descriptively with chi-square tests. Awareness of AMR was high (90.5%; n = 724), with 95.4% (n = 763) recognising it as a public health concern; however, only 17.9% (n = 143) self-rated their knowledge as excellent, significantly associated with profession (χ²=12.52, df = 12, p = 0.01) and education level (χ²=10.27, df = 9, p = 0.02). The most frequently perceived drivers of AMR were poor biosecurity (75.5%), weak veterinary oversight (75.0%), counterfeit drugs (73.9%), and antimicrobial overuse (72.9%), all varying significantly by profession (χ²=6.81-10.69, df = 4, p < 0.05). Education/awareness campaigns were most frequently selected as the most effective intervention (24.4%), with intervention rankings differing significantly by profession (χ²=13.62, df = 16, p < 0.01) and state (χ²=21.02, df = 24, p < 0.01). Awareness of the Federal AMR Committee varied markedly by profession (57.9% overall; χ²=167.36, df = 4, p < 0.001), highest among veterinarians (89.0%). Overall, 60.5% (n = 484) considered current regulations insufficient, differing significantly by profession (χ²=5.03, df = 8, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that while national-level AMR governance structures are recognised and valued, their perceived impact is limited by gaps in sub-national capacity and implementation. Strengthening local-level resources, regulatory enforcement, and targeted training may help translate policy into practice, addressing gaps in awareness, knowledge, and implementation capacity.
SN  - 1746-6148
ER  -