Telemedicine for chronic pain management in rural populations: a narrative review.
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.
- 3Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Abstract
Chronic pain is among the most prevalent and burdensome health conditions in the United States, disproportionately affecting rural populations who face compounding barriers to specialty care, including geographic distance, transportation burden, specialist shortages, and limited access to multidisciplinary services. These structural inequities contribute to persistent disparities in pain prevalence, pain-related disability, and opioid utilization. Telemedicine is a promising strategy for reducing this access gap, with adoption accelerating markedly following the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review examines telemedicine for chronic pain management in rural populations across synchronous video visits, telephone-based encounters, asynchronous electronic consultations, telerehabilitation, tele-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy, and mobile health applications. The evidence base is strongest for remotely delivered cognitive behavioral therapy and selected telerehabilitation interventions, whereas evidence for specialty video programs, electronic consultations, Veterans Health Administration programs, and mobile health remains more heterogeneous and frequently observational. Telemedicine can improve access, psychological outcomes, functional status, and patient convenience while reducing travel burden, but it does not consistently improve pain intensity and may worsen inequities when broadband, device access, digital literacy, or privacy are inadequate. Important implementation challenges include limitations of the remote physical examination, variable patient preferences, technology anxiety, and regulatory uncertainty governing telemedicine prescribing of controlled substances. A hybrid model that uses structured triage, low-bandwidth alternatives, technology-navigation support, standardized opioid monitoring, and clearly defined triggers for in-person evaluation represents the most pragmatic framework for rural chronic pain care in the U.S. context.
Related
- Chronic Venous Disease in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and a Trimester-Stratified Management Framework—A Narrative Review
- Endovascular management of acute and chronic arterial mesenteric ischaemia: A narrative review of evidence informing interventional radiology treatment
- Narrative Review: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Chronic Bronchitis.
- From connectivity to coordination: a four-party evolutionary game analysis of telemedicine governance for chronic disease management in China
- Psychotherapy and Teletherapy in U.S. Latinx Populations: A Narrative Review
BibTeX
@article{hasoon2026telemedicine,
title = {{Telemedicine for chronic pain management in rural populations: a narrative review.}},
author = {Jamal Hasoon and Cyrus Yazdi and Christopher L Robinson},
journal = {Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fpain.2026.1907994},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948253},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Telemedicine for chronic pain management in rural populations: a narrative review.
AU - Jamal Hasoon
AU - Cyrus Yazdi
AU - Christopher L Robinson
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3389/fpain.2026.1907994
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948253
AB - Chronic pain is among the most prevalent and burdensome health conditions in the United States, disproportionately affecting rural populations who face compounding barriers to specialty care, including geographic distance, transportation burden, specialist shortages, and limited access to multidisciplinary services. These structural inequities contribute to persistent disparities in pain prevalence, pain-related disability, and opioid utilization. Telemedicine is a promising strategy for reducing this access gap, with adoption accelerating markedly following the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review examines telemedicine for chronic pain management in rural populations across synchronous video visits, telephone-based encounters, asynchronous electronic consultations, telerehabilitation, tele-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy, and mobile health applications. The evidence base is strongest for remotely delivered cognitive behavioral therapy and selected telerehabilitation interventions, whereas evidence for specialty video programs, electronic consultations, Veterans Health Administration programs, and mobile health remains more heterogeneous and frequently observational. Telemedicine can improve access, psychological outcomes, functional status, and patient convenience while reducing travel burden, but it does not consistently improve pain intensity and may worsen inequities when broadband, device access, digital literacy, or privacy are inadequate. Important implementation challenges include limitations of the remote physical examination, variable patient preferences, technology anxiety, and regulatory uncertainty governing telemedicine prescribing of controlled substances. A hybrid model that uses structured triage, low-bandwidth alternatives, technology-navigation support, standardized opioid monitoring, and clearly defined triggers for in-person evaluation represents the most pragmatic framework for rural chronic pain care in the U.S. context.
SN - 2673-561X
ER -