Online Control of the Family-wise Error Rate (FWER) for Multi-stage Platform Trials
Abstract
In platform trials, multiple intervention arms can enter or leave the study at any time, which brings the challenge of how to control the type I error rate. Online testing procedures, where a stream of hypotheses are tested over time and the total number of hypotheses is unknown, might be a viable choice for error rate control in platform trials. Interim analyses in a multi-stage design offer the opportunity of early stopping for success or futility in clinical trials by testing the same hypothesis at different time points. Some methods targeting false-discovery rate (FDR) or family-wise error rate (FWER) control for multi-stage platform trials have been proposed. However, a method which controls the FWER and allows new arms to be added at any time without prior information is yet to be established. The ADDIS-Spending (ADaptive DIScarding Alpha-spending) procedure controls the FWER in an online setting. We propose the group sequential ADDIS-Spending algorithm to enable interim analyses for each hypothesis in platform trials. The developed method can update the error level of an individual hypothesis at all (interim) analyses whenever new decisions on other hypotheses are made. We compare alternative approaches with our method in a simulation study. The proposed method yields competitive results in the conducted simulations.
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BibTeX
@misc{yao2026online,
title = {{Online Control of the Family-wise Error Rate (FWER) for Multi-stage Platform Trials}},
author = {Jiangyue Yao and David S. Robertson and Thomas Jaki},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = nov,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.06530},
eprint = {2611.06530},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06530},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Online Control of the Family-wise Error Rate (FWER) for Multi-stage Platform Trials
AU - Jiangyue Yao
AU - David S. Robertson
AU - Thomas Jaki
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/11/04
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.06530
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.06530
AB - In platform trials, multiple intervention arms can enter or leave the study at any time, which brings the challenge of how to control the type I error rate. Online testing procedures, where a stream of hypotheses are tested over time and the total number of hypotheses is unknown, might be a viable choice for error rate control in platform trials. Interim analyses in a multi-stage design offer the opportunity of early stopping for success or futility in clinical trials by testing the same hypothesis at different time points. Some methods targeting false-discovery rate (FDR) or family-wise error rate (FWER) control for multi-stage platform trials have been proposed. However, a method which controls the FWER and allows new arms to be added at any time without prior information is yet to be established. The ADDIS-Spending (ADaptive DIScarding Alpha-spending) procedure controls the FWER in an online setting. We propose the group sequential ADDIS-Spending algorithm to enable interim analyses for each hypothesis in platform trials. The developed method can update the error level of an individual hypothesis at all (interim) analyses whenever new decisions on other hypotheses are made. We compare alternative approaches with our method in a simulation study. The proposed method yields competitive results in the conducted simulations.
ER -