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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-ND 4.0Journal of the National Cancer Center

Socioeconomic inequalities in the epidemiological landscape of genitourinary cancers: a GLOBOCAN 2024 analysis

  • Yuhao Li1
  • Yile You1
  • Dequan Shi2
  • Yiqiao Lv3
  • Xin Zhan4
  • Jieying Chen1
  • Qing Yuan5
  • Ming Liu6
  • Ru Chen2
  • Shengfeng Wang1,7,8
8 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
  2. 2National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
  3. 3School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
  4. 4NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
  5. 5Senior Department of Urology, Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
  6. 6Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
  7. 7Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
  8. 8Beijing Key Laboratory of Human Microbiome Precision Medicine and Microbial Agent Development, Beijing, China
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Abstract

Background: Given the poor prognosis and marked geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of genitourinary cancers, updating the global epidemiological landscape is essential for informing region-specific and equity-oriented strategies.

Methods: Using GLOBOCAN 2024, we estimated age-standardized incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and 1−mortality-to-incidence ratio (1−M/I) for genitourinary cancers. Socioeconomic inequalities across Human Development Index (HDI) levels were quantified using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (ConI). We further decomposed factors contributing to these inequalities and estimated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for selected modifiable risk factors under specified counterfactual scenarios.

Results: In 2024, the global ASIR and ASMR of genitourinary cancers were 35.97 and 9.85 per 100,000, respectively, with a 1−M/I of 0.73. ASIRs were the highest in Northern America, Europe, and Australasia, whereas ASMRs peaked in Caribbean and African regions. ASIR and 1−M/I were substantially higher in very-high-HDI than low-HDI countries (ASIR: 71.07 vs 25.72 per 100,000; 1−M/I: 0.82 vs 0.40 per 100,000). Significant inequalities were observed for ASIR (SII: 62.15; ConI: 0.24) and 1−M/I (SII: 0.51; ConI: 0.14). Education, income, universal health coverage, and health expenditure were major contributors. Globally, Particulate Matter 2.5 showed the largest estimated PAFs for kidney (24.09%–28.53%) and bladder cancers (20.86%–24.52%) under alternative counterfactual exposure levels. The HIV-associated PAF for penile cancer was 2.82% globally and 10.64% in low-HDI countries, indicating marked heterogeneity across cancer types and HDI levels.

Conclusions: Genitourinary cancers exhibit geographic and socioeconomic inequalities, with pronounced heterogeneity in potentially attributable burden across modifiable risk factors and HDI levels. These findings support context-specific prevention and health-system strategies.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026socioeconomic,
  title = {{Socioeconomic inequalities in the epidemiological landscape of genitourinary cancers: a GLOBOCAN 2024 analysis}},
  author = {Yuhao Li and Yile You and Dequan Shi and Yiqiao Lv and Xin Zhan and Jieying Chen and Qing Yuan and Ming Liu and Ru Chen and Shengfeng Wang},
  journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Center},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1016/j.jncc.2026.09.009},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jncc.2026.09.009},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Socioeconomic inequalities in the epidemiological landscape of genitourinary cancers: a GLOBOCAN 2024 analysis
AU  - Yuhao Li
AU  - Yile You
AU  - Dequan Shi
AU  - Yiqiao Lv
AU  - Xin Zhan
AU  - Jieying Chen
AU  - Qing Yuan
AU  - Ming Liu
AU  - Ru Chen
AU  - Shengfeng Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - Journal of the National Cancer Center
DO  - 10.1016/j.jncc.2026.09.009
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jncc.2026.09.009
AB  - Background: Given the poor prognosis and marked geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of genitourinary cancers, updating the global epidemiological landscape is essential for informing region-specific and equity-oriented strategies.  Methods: Using GLOBOCAN 2024, we estimated age-standardized incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and 1−mortality-to-incidence ratio (1−M/I) for genitourinary cancers. Socioeconomic inequalities across Human Development Index (HDI) levels were quantified using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (ConI). We further decomposed factors contributing to these inequalities and estimated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for selected modifiable risk factors under specified counterfactual scenarios.  Results: In 2024, the global ASIR and ASMR of genitourinary cancers were 35.97 and 9.85 per 100,000, respectively, with a 1−M/I of 0.73. ASIRs were the highest in Northern America, Europe, and Australasia, whereas ASMRs peaked in Caribbean and African regions. ASIR and 1−M/I were substantially higher in very-high-HDI than low-HDI countries (ASIR: 71.07 vs 25.72 per 100,000; 1−M/I: 0.82 vs 0.40 per 100,000). Significant inequalities were observed for ASIR (SII: 62.15; ConI: 0.24) and 1−M/I (SII: 0.51; ConI: 0.14). Education, income, universal health coverage, and health expenditure were major contributors. Globally, Particulate Matter 2.5 showed the largest estimated PAFs for kidney (24.09%–28.53%) and bladder cancers (20.86%–24.52%) under alternative counterfactual exposure levels. The HIV-associated PAF for penile cancer was 2.82% globally and 10.64% in low-HDI countries, indicating marked heterogeneity across cancer types and HDI levels.  Conclusions: Genitourinary cancers exhibit geographic and socioeconomic inequalities, with pronounced heterogeneity in potentially attributable burden across modifiable risk factors and HDI levels. These findings support context-specific prevention and health-system strategies.
SN  - 2096-8663
SN  - 2667-0054
ER  -