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Peer-reviewedCC BYWorld Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Current Advances in Spatial Pathology of Nasal Polyps: Challenges, Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence, and Future Directions

  • Zi‐Xuan Hua1
  • Xin Luo2
  • Ning Kang1
  • Ze‐Zhi Guo1
  • Man‐Hou Chao1
  • Hua‐Mei Yan1
  • Wan‐Xin Zhang1
  • Tong Wu2
  • Zi‐Qi Zhang1
  • Xue‐Kun Huang1
  • Ya‐Na Zhang1
  • Zhao‐Hui Shi1
1 more authors
  • Qin‐Tai Yang1
  1. 1Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
  2. 2Department of Allergy The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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Abstract

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by inflammatory heterogeneity, epithelial hyperplasia, and tissue remodeling, with spatial pathology critical for deciphering pathological mechanisms and guiding clinical practice. Conventional histopathological techniques rely on subjective visual evaluation, limited by inadequate spatial resolution of molecular markers and imprecise quantitative analysis. Recent advances show that spatial transcriptomics reveals nasal polyps (NP) inflammatory heterogeneity; deep learning enables automated inflammatory subset identification and precise endotype prediction; artificial intelligence (AI)‐integrated frameworks transform assessment of tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and fibro‐inflammatory niches. AI‐enabled spatial pathology bridges morphological and molecular signatures, refines NP endotyping, and paves the way for targeted biologic therapies and precision care. This review summarizes progress in conventional and emerging spatial pathology approaches for NP, focusing on AI‐enabled tools and their clinical translation potential.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{hua2026current,
  title = {{Current Advances in Spatial Pathology of Nasal Polyps: Challenges, Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence, and Future Directions}},
  author = {Zi‐Xuan Hua and Xin Luo and Ning Kang and Ze‐Zhi Guo and Man‐Hou Chao and Hua‐Mei Yan and Wan‐Xin Zhang and Tong Wu and Zi‐Qi Zhang and Xue‐Kun Huang and Ya‐Na Zhang and Zhao‐Hui Shi and Qin‐Tai Yang},
  journal = {World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1002/wjo2.70145},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.70145},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Current Advances in Spatial Pathology of Nasal Polyps: Challenges, Opportunities for Artificial Intelligence, and Future Directions
AU  - Zi‐Xuan Hua
AU  - Xin Luo
AU  - Ning Kang
AU  - Ze‐Zhi Guo
AU  - Man‐Hou Chao
AU  - Hua‐Mei Yan
AU  - Wan‐Xin Zhang
AU  - Tong Wu
AU  - Zi‐Qi Zhang
AU  - Xue‐Kun Huang
AU  - Ya‐Na Zhang
AU  - Zhao‐Hui Shi
AU  - Qin‐Tai Yang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/23
JO  - World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
DO  - 10.1002/wjo2.70145
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1002/wjo2.70145
AB  - Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by inflammatory heterogeneity, epithelial hyperplasia, and tissue remodeling, with spatial pathology critical for deciphering pathological mechanisms and guiding clinical practice. Conventional histopathological techniques rely on subjective visual evaluation, limited by inadequate spatial resolution of molecular markers and imprecise quantitative analysis. Recent advances show that spatial transcriptomics reveals nasal polyps (NP) inflammatory heterogeneity; deep learning enables automated inflammatory subset identification and precise endotype prediction; artificial intelligence (AI)‐integrated frameworks transform assessment of tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and fibro‐inflammatory niches. AI‐enabled spatial pathology bridges morphological and molecular signatures, refines NP endotyping, and paves the way for targeted biologic therapies and precision care. This review summarizes progress in conventional and emerging spatial pathology approaches for NP, focusing on AI‐enabled tools and their clinical translation potential.
SN  - 2589-1081
SN  - 2095-8811
ER  -