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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC 4.0International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine

Clinicopathological significance of PLAC1 expression in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma

  • Shima Dorafshan1
  • Zahra Madjd1
  • Leili Saeednejad Zanjani1
  • Mandana Rahimi2
  • Sadegh Safaei1
  • Nasrin Borumandnia3
  • Amir-Hassan Zarnani4
  • roya Ghods1
4 affiliations
  1. 1Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
  2. 2Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Pathology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
  3. 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract

Ectopic expression of Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1), a Cancer/Testis Antigen (CTA), was reported in various tumors, but its clinical relevance and prognostic value in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain unclear. This study evaluated PLAC1 expression in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of tumor cells and its clinicopathological significance in bladder UC patients. We analyzed 177 bladder UC samples to assess nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membranous PLAC1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMAs) and examined its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Higher cytoplasmic expression of PLAC1 was associated with increased histological grade (P< 0.001), advanced pathological primary tumor (pT) staging (P= 0.038), lamina propria involvement (P= 0.013), and lamina propria/muscularis (L/M) involvement (P= 0.038). A significant association was identified between the increased nuclear expression of PLAC1 and tumor size (P= 0.036) and higher histological grades (intensity of staining, P= 0.045). PLAC1 expression was not significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in bladder UC patients. Cytoplasmic PLAC1 expression significantly correlates with higher tumor grade and advanced stage in bladder cancer, suggesting its potential as an exploratory biomarker. The association between PLAC1 expression and tumor invasiveness warrants further functional and prospective studies to clarify its biological significance.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{dorafshan2026clinicopathological,
  title = {{Clinicopathological significance of PLAC1 expression in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma}},
  author = {Shima Dorafshan and Zahra Madjd and Leili Saeednejad Zanjani and Mandana Rahimi and Sadegh Safaei and Nasrin Borumandnia and Amir-Hassan Zarnani and roya Ghods},
  journal = {International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = jun,
  doi = {10.22088/ijmcm.bums.15.2.1434},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.22088/ijmcm.bums.15.2.1434},
  note = {CC BY-NC 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clinicopathological significance of PLAC1 expression in patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma
AU  - Shima Dorafshan
AU  - Zahra Madjd
AU  - Leili Saeednejad Zanjani
AU  - Mandana Rahimi
AU  - Sadegh Safaei
AU  - Nasrin Borumandnia
AU  - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
AU  - roya Ghods
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/06/01
JO  - International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine
DO  - 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.15.2.1434
UR  - https://doi.org/10.22088/ijmcm.bums.15.2.1434
AB  - Ectopic expression of Placenta-specific 1 (PLAC1), a Cancer/Testis Antigen (CTA), was reported in various tumors, but its clinical relevance and prognostic value in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain unclear. This study evaluated PLAC1 expression in the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus of tumor cells and its clinicopathological significance in bladder UC patients. We analyzed 177 bladder UC samples to assess nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membranous PLAC1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays (TMAs) and examined its associations with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis. Higher cytoplasmic expression of PLAC1 was associated with increased histological grade (P< 0.001), advanced pathological primary tumor (pT) staging (P= 0.038), lamina propria involvement (P= 0.013), and lamina propria/muscularis (L/M) involvement (P= 0.038). A significant association was identified between the increased nuclear expression of PLAC1 and tumor size (P= 0.036) and higher histological grades (intensity of staining, P= 0.045). PLAC1 expression was not significantly associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in bladder UC patients. Cytoplasmic PLAC1 expression significantly correlates with higher tumor grade and advanced stage in bladder cancer, suggesting its potential as an exploratory biomarker. The association between PLAC1 expression and tumor invasiveness warrants further functional and prospective studies to clarify its biological significance.
SN  - 2251-9637
SN  - 2251-9645
ER  -