In vitro efficacy of Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis L. extracts against Giardia duodenalis cysts
- 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in exploring plant extracts as potential new treatment options for these ailments. Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze are medicinal plants widely used in different traditional medical practices, especially in Iranian traditional medicine, for addressing a range of health issues. Although their biological properties are well-established, their effectiveness against Giardia duodenalis cysts is still uncertain. This research aimed to assess the impact of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis extracts on G. duodenalis cysts in vitro and to compare their effectiveness with metronidazole. Cysts were extracted from stool samples and concentrated using a 0.85 M sucrose solution. Extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis were prepared at concentrations of 25.00, 50.00, and 100 mg mL-1. The impacts of these extracts at different concentrations were evaluated at 10, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min, and the results were compared to control groups. The collected data were documented and statistically analyzed. The findings revealed that Z. vulgaris extract at a concentration of 100 mg mL-1 and C. sinensis extract at a concentration of 50.00 mg mL-1 showed similar effectiveness to metronidazole in eliminating Giardia cysts. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis extracts, in comparison with metronidazole, indicated a rise in fatality rates with prolonged exposure times and higher extract concentrations. Therefore, it could be concluded that extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis were as effective as metronidazole for killing Giardia cysts in vitro.
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BibTeX
@article{lak2026vitro,
title = {{In vitro efficacy of Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis L. extracts against Giardia duodenalis cysts}},
author = {Kamal Taheri Lak and Farnaz Malekifard and Mohammad Yakhchali},
journal = {Veterinary Research Forum},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.30466/vrf.2025.2064604.4809},
url = {https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2025.2064604.4809},
note = {CC BY-NC-SA 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - In vitro efficacy of Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis L. extracts against Giardia duodenalis cysts
AU - Kamal Taheri Lak
AU - Farnaz Malekifard
AU - Mohammad Yakhchali
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/15
JO - Veterinary Research Forum
DO - 10.30466/vrf.2025.2064604.4809
UR - https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2025.2064604.4809
AB - There is an increasing interest in exploring plant extracts as potential new treatment options for these ailments. Ziziphus vulgaris L. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze are medicinal plants widely used in different traditional medical practices, especially in Iranian traditional medicine, for addressing a range of health issues. Although their biological properties are well-established, their effectiveness against Giardia duodenalis cysts is still uncertain. This research aimed to assess the impact of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis extracts on G. duodenalis cysts in vitro and to compare their effectiveness with metronidazole. Cysts were extracted from stool samples and concentrated using a 0.85 M sucrose solution. Extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis were prepared at concentrations of 25.00, 50.00, and 100 mg mL-1. The impacts of these extracts at different concentrations were evaluated at 10, 15, 30, 60, and 180 min, and the results were compared to control groups. The collected data were documented and statistically analyzed. The findings revealed that Z. vulgaris extract at a concentration of 100 mg mL-1 and C. sinensis extract at a concentration of 50.00 mg mL-1 showed similar effectiveness to metronidazole in eliminating Giardia cysts. In addition, the cytotoxic effects of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis extracts, in comparison with metronidazole, indicated a rise in fatality rates with prolonged exposure times and higher extract concentrations. Therefore, it could be concluded that extracts of Z. vulgaris and C. sinensis were as effective as metronidazole for killing Giardia cysts in vitro.
SN - 2008-8140
SN - 2322-3618
ER -