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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in psychology

Dynamic adaptation of attentional control across bilingual interactional contexts

  • Min Li1
  • Xiangyu Shi2
  • Qinghong Xu3
  • Jie Li1
  1. 1School of Psychology, Inner Mongolia Normal University , ,
  2. 2Student Affairs Department, Wuhai Vocational and Technical College , ,
  3. 3School of Foreign Languages, Yulin University , ,
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Abstract

Background/objectives

Bilingual experience is thought to shape cognitive control via adaptive attentional reorganization, yet the neural mechanisms by which different interactional contexts dynamically modulate attentional control remain unclear. This study used EEG to examine how Chinese monolingual, English monolingual, bilingual, and voluntary naming contexts influence attentional control in Chinese-English bilinguals.Methods

Thirty-five bilinguals completed picture-naming tasks in different contexts, followed by an antisaccade task with concurrent EEG. We analyzed reaction time, ERPs, frontal and parietal delta/theta power, and frontoparietal functional connectivity (wPLI).Results

Bilingual and voluntary naming contexts shortened antisaccade reaction times (all p < 0.01). No significant main effect of context was found on N2 amplitudes (p = 0.615). Both contexts reduced parietal delta and theta power relative to the English monolingual context (all p < 0.05). Exploratory connectivity analysis initially suggested bilingual-context effects, but this finding did not survive homologous ROI validation. These preliminary sensor-level findings await validation by source-localized EEG or fMRI.Conclusions

These findings suggest that bilingual and voluntary naming contexts may facilitate attentional control through adaptive reorganization of the attentional system rather than through enhancing a specific inhibitory process. This pattern is consistent with the adaptationist perspective on bilingual cognition and provides preliminary neural evidence for the language mode theory.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{li2026dynamic,
  title = {{Dynamic adaptation of attentional control across bilingual interactional contexts}},
  author = {Min Li and Xiangyu Shi and Qinghong Xu and Jie Li},
  journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1860169},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716584},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dynamic adaptation of attentional control across bilingual interactional contexts
AU  - Min Li
AU  - Xiangyu Shi
AU  - Qinghong Xu
AU  - Jie Li
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/15
JO  - Frontiers in psychology
DO  - 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1860169
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13716584
AB  - Background/objectives  Bilingual experience is thought to shape cognitive control via adaptive attentional reorganization, yet the neural mechanisms by which different interactional contexts dynamically modulate attentional control remain unclear. This study used EEG to examine how Chinese monolingual, English monolingual, bilingual, and voluntary naming contexts influence attentional control in Chinese-English bilinguals.Methods  Thirty-five bilinguals completed picture-naming tasks in different contexts, followed by an antisaccade task with concurrent EEG. We analyzed reaction time, ERPs, frontal and parietal delta/theta power, and frontoparietal functional connectivity (wPLI).Results  Bilingual and voluntary naming contexts shortened antisaccade reaction times (all p < 0.01). No significant main effect of context was found on N2 amplitudes (p = 0.615). Both contexts reduced parietal delta and theta power relative to the English monolingual context (all p < 0.05). Exploratory connectivity analysis initially suggested bilingual-context effects, but this finding did not survive homologous ROI validation. These preliminary sensor-level findings await validation by source-localized EEG or fMRI.Conclusions  These findings suggest that bilingual and voluntary naming contexts may facilitate attentional control through adaptive reorganization of the attentional system rather than through enhancing a specific inhibitory process. This pattern is consistent with the adaptationist perspective on bilingual cognition and provides preliminary neural evidence for the language mode theory.
SN  - 1664-1078
ER  -