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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NCBioImpacts : BI

RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.

  • Qamar Abuhassan1
  • Ahmed Aldulaimi2
  • O S Waleed3
  • Subbulakshmi Ganesan4
  • V Kavitha5
  • Laxmidhar Maharana6
  • Renu Sharma7
  • Mutabar Latipova8,9
  • Nazira Madatova10
  • Doniyor Jumanazarov11
  • Aseel Smerat12,13
13 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
  2. 2Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University, Karbala, Iraq.
  3. 3Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
  4. 4Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
  5. 5Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
  6. 6Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
  7. 7Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
  8. 8University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences, Str. Gavhar 1, Tashkent 100149, Uzbekistan.
  9. 9National Research University TIIAME, Kori Niyoziy 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan.
  10. 10The Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemistry, Alfraganus University, Tashkent, 100190, Uzbekistan.
  11. 11Urgench State University, Kh. Alimdjan str. 14, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan.
  12. 12Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
  13. 13Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Abstract

RNA vaccines represent a major advance in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinology, largely due to the success of nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These platforms build on long-standing progress in RNA chemistry, immunology, and nanotechnology. This review concentrates primarily on molecular design (codon/sequence optimization, chemical modifications, and data-driven antigen selection) and delivery optimization (LNPs and emerging alternatives like virus-like particles, extracellular vesicles, and ligand-targeted systems). Clinical progress is highlighted through examples from oncology, including personalized neoantigen approaches, combination therapies, and immunopeptidomics-guided validation, as well as early preclinical work on tolerance induction and localized protein replacement. Overall, continued refinement of RNA sequence engineering and delivery systems positions these platforms as flexible tools for rapid-response vaccination and therapy, especially where fast antigen adaptation and scalable production are required.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{abuhassan2026vaccines,
  title = {{RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.}},
  author = {Qamar Abuhassan and Ahmed Aldulaimi and O S Waleed and Subbulakshmi Ganesan and V Kavitha and Laxmidhar Maharana and Renu Sharma and Mutabar Latipova and Nazira Madatova and Doniyor Jumanazarov and Aseel Smerat},
  journal = {BioImpacts : BI},
  year = {2026},
  month = aug,
  doi = {10.34172/bi.33056},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898187},
  note = {CC BY-NC},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - RNA vaccines in motion: A multidisciplinary exploration of design, delivery, and deployment.
AU  - Qamar Abuhassan
AU  - Ahmed Aldulaimi
AU  - O S Waleed
AU  - Subbulakshmi Ganesan
AU  - V Kavitha
AU  - Laxmidhar Maharana
AU  - Renu Sharma
AU  - Mutabar Latipova
AU  - Nazira Madatova
AU  - Doniyor Jumanazarov
AU  - Aseel Smerat
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/08/16
JO  - BioImpacts : BI
DO  - 10.34172/bi.33056
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898187
AB  - RNA vaccines represent a major advance in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccinology, largely due to the success of nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. These platforms build on long-standing progress in RNA chemistry, immunology, and nanotechnology. This review concentrates primarily on molecular design (codon/sequence optimization, chemical modifications, and data-driven antigen selection) and delivery optimization (LNPs and emerging alternatives like virus-like particles, extracellular vesicles, and ligand-targeted systems). Clinical progress is highlighted through examples from oncology, including personalized neoantigen approaches, combination therapies, and immunopeptidomics-guided validation, as well as early preclinical work on tolerance induction and localized protein replacement. Overall, continued refinement of RNA sequence engineering and delivery systems positions these platforms as flexible tools for rapid-response vaccination and therapy, especially where fast antigen adaptation and scalable production are required.
SN  - 2228-5652
SN  - 2228-5660
ER  -