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Peer-reviewedCC BYFrontiers in Medicine

Neurodevelopmental disorders in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Hong-Fei Wang1
  • Hong-Fei Wang2
  • Chen-Xi Ma1
  • Chen-Xi Ma2
  • Zi-Jie Chen1
  • Zi-Jie Chen2
  • Zheng Lin3
  • Hao-Nan Wang1
  • Hao-Nan Wang2
  • Yi Cao1
  • Qiu-Shuang Li1
  • Hong-Bin Luo1
  1. 1The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
  2. 2The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
  3. 3Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Abstract

BackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are increasingly recognized among children with atopic dermatitis (AD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the prevalence of NDs in pediatric patients with AD and quantify the associations between AD and specific neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsWe searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from their inception to 1 December 2025. Observational studies reporting adjusted estimates and/or prevalence for NDs in pediatric patients with AD were included. Exploratory subgroup analyses were undertaken to ascertain sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias.ResultsFrom 2,514 initial records, 39 studies reporting ND outcomes in pediatric patients with AD were included. The pooled prevalence rates for NDs were as follows: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 6.01%), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, 0.81%), learning disability (LD, 11.34%), conduct disorder (CD, 2.76%), and peer problems (5.98%). AD was associated with higher odds of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.21–1.50), ASD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.07–4.16), LD (OR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.41–2.06), intellectual disability (OR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.33–1.45), and CD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.16–1.58), but not peer problems (OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 0.96–1.26). HR-based estimates for ADHD (HR = 1.54, 95% CI, 0.97–2.44) and ASD (HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 0.54–8.19) were directionally similar but less precise. Substantial heterogeneity was present across several analyses.ConclusionPediatric AD was associated with higher odds of several neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with children without AD. However, substantial heterogeneity, potential detection bias, and the observational nature of the available evidence limit causal interpretation. Further well-designed longitudinal studies using standardized exposure and outcome definitions, adequate control of confounding, and clearer temporal characterization are needed to clarify the consistency and directionality of these associations.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024545405, PROSPERO CRD42024545405.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wang2026neurodevelopmental,
  title = {{Neurodevelopmental disorders in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis}},
  author = {Hong-Fei Wang and Hong-Fei Wang and Chen-Xi Ma and Chen-Xi Ma and Zi-Jie Chen and Zi-Jie Chen and Zheng Lin and Hao-Nan Wang and Hao-Nan Wang and Yi Cao and Qiu-Shuang Li and Hong-Bin Luo},
  journal = {Frontiers in Medicine},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.3389/fmed.2026.1975921},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1975921},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Neurodevelopmental disorders in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AU  - Hong-Fei Wang
AU  - Hong-Fei Wang
AU  - Chen-Xi Ma
AU  - Chen-Xi Ma
AU  - Zi-Jie Chen
AU  - Zi-Jie Chen
AU  - Zheng Lin
AU  - Hao-Nan Wang
AU  - Hao-Nan Wang
AU  - Yi Cao
AU  - Qiu-Shuang Li
AU  - Hong-Bin Luo
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/29
JO  - Frontiers in Medicine
DO  - 10.3389/fmed.2026.1975921
UR  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1975921
AB  - BackgroundNeurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) are increasingly recognized among children with atopic dermatitis (AD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the prevalence of NDs in pediatric patients with AD and quantify the associations between AD and specific neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsWe searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from their inception to 1 December 2025. Observational studies reporting adjusted estimates and/or prevalence for NDs in pediatric patients with AD were included. Exploratory subgroup analyses were undertaken to ascertain sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plots and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias.ResultsFrom 2,514 initial records, 39 studies reporting ND outcomes in pediatric patients with AD were included. The pooled prevalence rates for NDs were as follows: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 6.01%), autism spectrum disorder (ASD, 0.81%), learning disability (LD, 11.34%), conduct disorder (CD, 2.76%), and peer problems (5.98%). AD was associated with higher odds of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.21–1.50), ASD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI, 1.07–4.16), LD (OR = 1.71, 95% CI, 1.41–2.06), intellectual disability (OR = 1.39, 95% CI, 1.33–1.45), and CD (OR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.16–1.58), but not peer problems (OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 0.96–1.26). HR-based estimates for ADHD (HR = 1.54, 95% CI, 0.97–2.44) and ASD (HR = 2.09, 95% CI, 0.54–8.19) were directionally similar but less precise. Substantial heterogeneity was present across several analyses.ConclusionPediatric AD was associated with higher odds of several neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with children without AD. However, substantial heterogeneity, potential detection bias, and the observational nature of the available evidence limit causal interpretation. Further well-designed longitudinal studies using standardized exposure and outcome definitions, adequate control of confounding, and clearer temporal characterization are needed to clarify the consistency and directionality of these associations.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024545405, PROSPERO CRD42024545405.
SN  - 2296-858X
ER  -