Co-occurrence and genetic contexts of NDM-1, KPC-2, IMP-1, and AFM-1 carbapenemase genes in a critically ill patient
- 1Precision Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , ,
- 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , ,
Abstract
Background: Carbapenem-resistant organisms are increasingly reported in clinical settings, yet the simultaneous detection of multiple carbapenemase genes within a single specimen remains rare.
Methods: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample from a patient with severe pneumonia.
Results: Four carbapenemase genes—blaAFM-1, blaNDM-1, blaIMP-1, and blaKPC-2—were simultaneously detected in a single specimen. Three carbapenem-resistant isolates were recovered: an ST11 K. pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2 and virulence-associated genes, an S. algae strain with an assembly-based tandem chromosomal blaNDM-1 arrangement, and a P. stutzeri strain co-harboring blaAFM-1 and blaIMP-1. Genomic analysis revealed complex mobile genetic contexts associated with these resistance determinants.
Conclusion: The coexistence of four carbapenemase genes within one clinical sample highlights the complexity of polymicrobial carbapenem resistance and underscores the importance of genomic surveillance.
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BibTeX
@article{zhang2026cooccurrence,
title = {{Co-occurrence and genetic contexts of NDM-1, KPC-2, IMP-1, and AFM-1 carbapenemase genes in a critically ill patient}},
author = {Yan Zhang and Zhirong Zhang and Senhong Ying and Sanrong Wang and Rong Xiang},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2026.1973471},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719318},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Co-occurrence and genetic contexts of NDM-1, KPC-2, IMP-1, and AFM-1 carbapenemase genes in a critically ill patient
AU - Yan Zhang
AU - Zhirong Zhang
AU - Senhong Ying
AU - Sanrong Wang
AU - Rong Xiang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/16
JO - Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
DO - 10.3389/fcimb.2026.1973471
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13719318
AB - Background: Carbapenem-resistant organisms are increasingly reported in clinical settings, yet the simultaneous detection of multiple carbapenemase genes within a single specimen remains rare. Methods: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample from a patient with severe pneumonia. Results: Four carbapenemase genes—blaAFM-1, blaNDM-1, blaIMP-1, and blaKPC-2—were simultaneously detected in a single specimen. Three carbapenem-resistant isolates were recovered: an ST11 K. pneumoniae carrying blaKPC-2 and virulence-associated genes, an S. algae strain with an assembly-based tandem chromosomal blaNDM-1 arrangement, and a P. stutzeri strain co-harboring blaAFM-1 and blaIMP-1. Genomic analysis revealed complex mobile genetic contexts associated with these resistance determinants. Conclusion: The coexistence of four carbapenemase genes within one clinical sample highlights the complexity of polymicrobial carbapenem resistance and underscores the importance of genomic surveillance.
SN - 2235-2988
ER -