Color and Relative Translucency of Three-Dimensionally Printed Restorative Resin Systems: Effects of Build Orientation, Thickness and Staining Conditions
- 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Türkiye
- 2Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdağ, Türkiye
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of material system, build orientation, thickness, and immersion time on optical properties. A total of 224 discs (n = 7 per subgroup) were fabricated from Permanent Crown Resin (system F) and Saremco Print CROWNTEC (system S) at 0° and 90° orientations and 1- and 2-mm thicknesses. Specimens were immersed in distilled water, coffee, tea, or red wine and measured at baseline and days 1, 7, and 30. Baseline CIELAB coordinates and changes in color (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (ΔRTP00) were analyzed by three-way and medium-specific four-factor mixed analyses of variance, respectively (α = 0.05). Material system dominated baseline variation (ηp2 = 0.70–0.94); system S was lighter with lower a* and b* values. Time affected ΔE00 in all media and ΔRTP00 in staining media (p < 0.001). All between-specimen factors affected both outcomes in staining media, with medium-specific interactions. Descriptively, red wine produced the greatest changes; all red-wine groups exceeded the color acceptability threshold at day 30. System F at 90° and 1 mm showed the largest changes (ΔE00 = 41.46 ± 9.48; ΔRTP00 = 5.57 ± 0.85). No 2-mm group exceeded the translucency acceptability threshold. Optical behavior depended on configuration and exposure. System S showed greater color stability, mainly at 0°, whereas 90° orientation and reduced thickness generally increased optical change. Material, printing and post-polymerization effects could not be separated.
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BibTeX
@article{aydın2026color,
title = {{Color and Relative Translucency of Three-Dimensionally Printed Restorative Resin Systems: Effects of Build Orientation, Thickness and Staining Conditions}},
author = {Hilal Gülgezen Aydın and Gülçin Cagay Sevencan},
journal = {Polymers},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/polym18202524},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2524},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Color and Relative Translucency of Three-Dimensionally Printed Restorative Resin Systems: Effects of Build Orientation, Thickness and Staining Conditions
AU - Hilal Gülgezen Aydın
AU - Gülçin Cagay Sevencan
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/15
JO - Polymers
DO - 10.3390/polym18202524
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/20/2524
AB - This study assessed the effects of material system, build orientation, thickness, and immersion time on optical properties. A total of 224 discs (n = 7 per subgroup) were fabricated from Permanent Crown Resin (system F) and Saremco Print CROWNTEC (system S) at 0° and 90° orientations and 1- and 2-mm thicknesses. Specimens were immersed in distilled water, coffee, tea, or red wine and measured at baseline and days 1, 7, and 30. Baseline CIELAB coordinates and changes in color (ΔE00) and relative translucency parameter (ΔRTP00) were analyzed by three-way and medium-specific four-factor mixed analyses of variance, respectively (α = 0.05). Material system dominated baseline variation (ηp2 = 0.70–0.94); system S was lighter with lower a* and b* values. Time affected ΔE00 in all media and ΔRTP00 in staining media (p < 0.001). All between-specimen factors affected both outcomes in staining media, with medium-specific interactions. Descriptively, red wine produced the greatest changes; all red-wine groups exceeded the color acceptability threshold at day 30. System F at 90° and 1 mm showed the largest changes (ΔE00 = 41.46 ± 9.48; ΔRTP00 = 5.57 ± 0.85). No 2-mm group exceeded the translucency acceptability threshold. Optical behavior depended on configuration and exposure. System S showed greater color stability, mainly at 0°, whereas 90° orientation and reduced thickness generally increased optical change. Material, printing and post-polymerization effects could not be separated.
SN - 2073-4360
ER -