A capillary problem, its dimension reduction, and its phase-field approximation

Abstract

We study the behaviour of a given volume of liquid confined between two rough solid plates. When the separation between the plates is small relative to the liquid volume, capillary bridges are expected to form, which minimise Gauss's capillary energy locally. We derive a Γ-expansion for the energy as the plate separation approaches zero, yielding a dimensionally reduced problem in terms of the wetted regions on the plates. At leading order, the energy is determined by the area of the wetted regions, while the next order term is given by their perimeter, weighted by appropriate functions of the relative adhesion coefficients. This provides a framework for a subsequent phase-field approximation, which is employed in numerical simulations to study the evolution of the droplets under the normal movement of the plates. The theory also gives justification to models for capillarity that assume that liquids fill up the rough topography to the Kelvin radius.

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{dondl2026capillary,
  title = {{A capillary problem, its dimension reduction, and its phase-field approximation}},
  author = {Patrick Dondl and Lars Pastewka and Luciano Sciaraffia and Yizhen Wang},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.14109},
  eprint = {2609.14109},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14109},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - A capillary problem, its dimension reduction, and its phase-field approximation
AU  - Patrick Dondl
AU  - Lars Pastewka
AU  - Luciano Sciaraffia
AU  - Yizhen Wang
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/12
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.14109
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14109
AB  - We study the behaviour of a given volume of liquid confined between two rough solid plates. When the separation between the plates is small relative to the liquid volume, capillary bridges are expected to form, which minimise Gauss's capillary energy locally. We derive a Γ-expansion for the energy as the plate separation approaches zero, yielding a dimensionally reduced problem in terms of the wetted regions on the plates. At leading order, the energy is determined by the area of the wetted regions, while the next order term is given by their perimeter, weighted by appropriate functions of the relative adhesion coefficients. This provides a framework for a subsequent phase-field approximation, which is employed in numerical simulations to study the evolution of the droplets under the normal movement of the plates. The theory also gives justification to models for capillarity that assume that liquids fill up the rough topography to the Kelvin radius.
ER  -

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