Interprofessional Collaboration and Exploratory Implementation Support for Community Pharmacy Influenza Vaccination in Northwestern Romania: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pharmacists and Family Physicians.
4 affiliations
- 1Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
- 2Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
- 3Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania.
- 4Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 December Sq., 410081 Oradea, Romania.
Abstract
Background
Romania introduced pharmacist-administered influenza vaccination in community pharmacies in 2022, but implementation depends on professional support, workflow capacity, and interprofessional coordination. Because the present questionnaire did not measure the full organisational construct of implementation readiness, we developed an exploratory, study-specific implementation-support score (IRS) from three attitudinal items.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Northwestern Romania between 1 October 2025 and 30 April 2026. Of 761 questionnaires distributed, 700 were returned; 22 completely blank questionnaires were excluded, leaving 678 analysable responses (340 pharmacists and 338 family physicians). The IRS was the mean of perceived contribution to vaccination coverage, the pharmacist's role in the multidisciplinary team, and willingness to recommend pharmacy-based vaccination. Internal coherence was assessed in the development sample. Associations with IRS ≥ 4 were examined using multivariable logistic regression, and a heteroskedasticity-robust linear regression using the continuous IRS was prespecified as a sensitivity analysis.Results
The overall IRS median was 3.00 (IQR 2.33-4.00); the mean was 3.09 ± 1.10. Pharmacists had higher scores than family physicians (median 3.67 vs. 2.67; mean 3.47 ± 1.02 vs. 2.70 ± 1.03; Mann-Whitney U = 81,200.5, p < 0.001). An IRS ≥ 4 was observed in 185 participants (27.3%), including 136 pharmacists (40.0%) and 49 family physicians (14.5%). In the adjusted logistic model, pharmacist status (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 2.66-7.33), considering direct collaboration absolutely necessary (aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.42-12.52), annual influenza vaccination (aOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.56-5.69), and awareness of pharmacy vaccination (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.10-3.85) were associated with IRS ≥ 4. The continuous-score sensitivity analysis showed similar associations: pharmacist status (β 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.87), direct collaboration absolutely necessary (β 1.17, 95% CI 0.85-1.49), annual vaccination (β 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.74), and awareness (β 0.24, 95% CI 0.02-0.46).Conclusions
The three-item IRS showed internal coherence in this sample but represents proximal professional support rather than a validated measure of organisational implementation readiness. The findings are exploratory and associative; they should not be used as a validated institutional or policy decision threshold.
Related
- Associations Between Perceived Knowledge, Interprofessional Collaboration, Autonomy and the Frequency of Nursing Activities in Paediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Cross‐Sectional Study
- Immersion 360, a european patient-partnered research project aimed at developing communication skills in paediatrics and raising awareness of interprofessional collaboration practice in partnership.
- Towards Interprofessional Education and Collaboration to Improve Students’ Competences
- Making collaboration explicit through collaborative, diagnostic, and intervention activities: foundations for interprofessional education
- Interprofessional collaboration in emergency department nursing care for patients with diabetic ketoacidosis: a narrative review
BibTeX
@article{budea2026interprofessional,
title = {{Interprofessional Collaboration and Exploratory Implementation Support for Community Pharmacy Influenza Vaccination in Northwestern Romania: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pharmacists and Family Physicians.}},
author = {Adina Honoria Sabadoș Budea and Daniela Rahotă and Teodor Traian Maghiar and Timea Claudia Ghitea and Laura Gratiela Vicaș and Lucia Georgeta Daina},
journal = {Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/epidemiologia7050132},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930320},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Interprofessional Collaboration and Exploratory Implementation Support for Community Pharmacy Influenza Vaccination in Northwestern Romania: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pharmacists and Family Physicians.
AU - Adina Honoria Sabadoș Budea
AU - Daniela Rahotă
AU - Teodor Traian Maghiar
AU - Timea Claudia Ghitea
AU - Laura Gratiela Vicaș
AU - Lucia Georgeta Daina
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/22
JO - Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/epidemiologia7050132
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930320
AB - Background Romania introduced pharmacist-administered influenza vaccination in community pharmacies in 2022, but implementation depends on professional support, workflow capacity, and interprofessional coordination. Because the present questionnaire did not measure the full organisational construct of implementation readiness, we developed an exploratory, study-specific implementation-support score (IRS) from three attitudinal items.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Northwestern Romania between 1 October 2025 and 30 April 2026. Of 761 questionnaires distributed, 700 were returned; 22 completely blank questionnaires were excluded, leaving 678 analysable responses (340 pharmacists and 338 family physicians). The IRS was the mean of perceived contribution to vaccination coverage, the pharmacist's role in the multidisciplinary team, and willingness to recommend pharmacy-based vaccination. Internal coherence was assessed in the development sample. Associations with IRS ≥ 4 were examined using multivariable logistic regression, and a heteroskedasticity-robust linear regression using the continuous IRS was prespecified as a sensitivity analysis.Results The overall IRS median was 3.00 (IQR 2.33-4.00); the mean was 3.09 ± 1.10. Pharmacists had higher scores than family physicians (median 3.67 vs. 2.67; mean 3.47 ± 1.02 vs. 2.70 ± 1.03; Mann-Whitney U = 81,200.5, p < 0.001). An IRS ≥ 4 was observed in 185 participants (27.3%), including 136 pharmacists (40.0%) and 49 family physicians (14.5%). In the adjusted logistic model, pharmacist status (aOR 4.41, 95% CI 2.66-7.33), considering direct collaboration absolutely necessary (aOR 4.22, 95% CI 1.42-12.52), annual influenza vaccination (aOR 2.98, 95% CI 1.56-5.69), and awareness of pharmacy vaccination (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.10-3.85) were associated with IRS ≥ 4. The continuous-score sensitivity analysis showed similar associations: pharmacist status (β 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.87), direct collaboration absolutely necessary (β 1.17, 95% CI 0.85-1.49), annual vaccination (β 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.74), and awareness (β 0.24, 95% CI 0.02-0.46).Conclusions The three-item IRS showed internal coherence in this sample but represents proximal professional support rather than a validated measure of organisational implementation readiness. The findings are exploratory and associative; they should not be used as a validated institutional or policy decision threshold.
SN - 2673-3986
ER -