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Peer-reviewedCC BYAmerican Journal of Medicine and Health Care

Knowledge and Preventive Practices on Water Contamination Among Rural Philippine Household Heads

  • Fe Amor A. Delos Santos1
  • Michael Louise V. Dela Rosa1
  • Violito Jofel Nicolas J. Ruiz1
  • Raphael Kevin Nagal2
  1. 1College of Nursing, Aklan State University, Banga, Aklan, Philippines
  2. 2National Research Council of the Philippines, Philippines
Open at sourcePDFDOICite

Abstract

Household-level water safety is dependent on how water is collected, stored, handled and protected from contamination, especially in rural areas that utilize mixed water sources. This quantitative descriptive-correlational study explored water contamination knowledge and prevention practices for 261 household heads selected through stratified random sampling from eight sitios in a rural Philippine barangay and examined the relationship between the two variables. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed questionnaire covering socio-demographic and water-use characteristics, knowledge across four prevention domains, and preventive practices measured on a five-point scale. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho were used for analysis. Overall knowledge was moderate (mean raw score = 15.89, SD = 2.42); proper disposal had the highest mean percentage score (83.30%), whereas water handling had the lowest (75.25%). Preventive practice was high overall (M = 4.35, SD = 0.61), with very high water-storage practice (M = 4.56, SD = 0.48). Knowledge and preventive practice were very weakly and non-significantly correlated (rho = 0.047, p = 0.446). The results suggest that good household water-safety habits can be maintained by experience, habit and local context beyond knowledge alone, and water handling is still a key topic for practical health education.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{santos2026knowledge,
  title = {{Knowledge and Preventive Practices on Water Contamination Among Rural Philippine Household Heads}},
  author = {Fe Amor A. Delos Santos and Michael Louise V. Dela Rosa and Violito Jofel Nicolas J. Ruiz and Raphael Kevin Nagal},
  journal = {American Journal of Medicine and Health Care},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.54536/ajmhc.v1i2.8362},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmhc.v1i2.8362},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Knowledge and Preventive Practices on Water Contamination Among Rural Philippine Household Heads
AU  - Fe Amor A. Delos Santos
AU  - Michael Louise V. Dela Rosa
AU  - Violito Jofel Nicolas J. Ruiz
AU  - Raphael Kevin Nagal
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/05
JO  - American Journal of Medicine and Health Care
DO  - 10.54536/ajmhc.v1i2.8362
UR  - https://doi.org/10.54536/ajmhc.v1i2.8362
AB  - Household-level water safety is dependent on how water is collected, stored, handled and protected from contamination, especially in rural areas that utilize mixed water sources. This quantitative descriptive-correlational study explored water contamination knowledge and prevention practices for 261 household heads selected through stratified random sampling from eight sitios in a rural Philippine barangay and examined the relationship between the two variables. Data were gathered using a researcher-developed questionnaire covering socio-demographic and water-use characteristics, knowledge across four prevention domains, and preventive practices measured on a five-point scale. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho were used for analysis. Overall knowledge was moderate (mean raw score = 15.89, SD = 2.42); proper disposal had the highest mean percentage score (83.30%), whereas water handling had the lowest (75.25%). Preventive practice was high overall (M = 4.35, SD = 0.61), with very high water-storage practice (M = 4.56, SD = 0.48). Knowledge and preventive practice were very weakly and non-significantly correlated (rho = 0.047, p = 0.446). The results suggest that good household water-safety habits can be maintained by experience, habit and local context beyond knowledge alone, and water handling is still a key topic for practical health education.
SN  - 3143-3375
ER  -