Simple, Fast and Cheap Pb2+ and Hg2+ Detection in Liquid Media Using EGOFET-Based Aptasensors
5 affiliations
- 1Enikolopov Institute of Synthetic Polymeric Materials of Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 70, 117393 Moscow, Russia
- 2Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- 3Department of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/51, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- 4Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- 5Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing Russian Federation, Novogireevskaya Str. 3a, 111123 Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Lead and mercury are among the most dangerous environmental pollutants due to their high toxicity to humans and other living organisms. They are also ubiquitous in our ecosystems as a result of industrial waste. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple and inexpensive method to rapidly detect low concentrations of these metals in various liquids, including wastewater. Aptamer-based electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs), which are traditionally used to detect large biomolecules such as viruses and proteins, are a promising concept for heavy-metal detection. To achieve this, we chose several aptamers with high affinity for and specificity to Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions, determined the dissociation constants and stoichiometry of the complexes, investigated the kinetics of complex formation and cross-specificity and proposed structures for the aptamer–cation complexes. Based on these aptamers, we developed EGOFET-based aptasensors for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The fabricated EGOFET devices have been shown to be sensitive to low concentrations of lead (from 30 nM to 2.5 μM) and mercury (from 250 nM to 2.5 μM) cations. These ranges correspond to the maximum permissible concentrations in drinking and wastewater for lead, which are 144 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively, and exceed the range of maximum permissible concentration in drinking and wastewater for mercury, which is 5 nM. Despite this, it was possible to detect mercury cations at a concentration of 5 nM within five minutes in a model system that simulates liquid flow using the EGOFET device. This demonstrates the potential for fast and selective detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions at maximum permissible concentrations in drinking water using EGOFET-based aptasensors. This is a significant step forward in the development of flow sensors for detecting heavy metals in liquid media.
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BibTeX
@article{keshek2026simple,
title = {{Simple, Fast and Cheap Pb2+ and Hg2+ Detection in Liquid Media Using EGOFET-Based Aptasensors}},
author = {Anna K. Keshek and Dmitriy A. Skvortsov and Elena Yu. Poimanova and Victor N. Orlov and Ilya P. Oleynikov and Margarita S. Stiazhkina and Askar D. Turashev and Elena G. Zavyalova and Elena V. Agina},
journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/ijms27219711},
url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9711},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Simple, Fast and Cheap Pb2+ and Hg2+ Detection in Liquid Media Using EGOFET-Based Aptasensors
AU - Anna K. Keshek
AU - Dmitriy A. Skvortsov
AU - Elena Yu. Poimanova
AU - Victor N. Orlov
AU - Ilya P. Oleynikov
AU - Margarita S. Stiazhkina
AU - Askar D. Turashev
AU - Elena G. Zavyalova
AU - Elena V. Agina
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/29
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DO - 10.3390/ijms27219711
UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9711
AB - Lead and mercury are among the most dangerous environmental pollutants due to their high toxicity to humans and other living organisms. They are also ubiquitous in our ecosystems as a result of industrial waste. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple and inexpensive method to rapidly detect low concentrations of these metals in various liquids, including wastewater. Aptamer-based electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs), which are traditionally used to detect large biomolecules such as viruses and proteins, are a promising concept for heavy-metal detection. To achieve this, we chose several aptamers with high affinity for and specificity to Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions, determined the dissociation constants and stoichiometry of the complexes, investigated the kinetics of complex formation and cross-specificity and proposed structures for the aptamer–cation complexes. Based on these aptamers, we developed EGOFET-based aptasensors for Pb2+ and Hg2+. The fabricated EGOFET devices have been shown to be sensitive to low concentrations of lead (from 30 nM to 2.5 μM) and mercury (from 250 nM to 2.5 μM) cations. These ranges correspond to the maximum permissible concentrations in drinking and wastewater for lead, which are 144 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively, and exceed the range of maximum permissible concentration in drinking and wastewater for mercury, which is 5 nM. Despite this, it was possible to detect mercury cations at a concentration of 5 nM within five minutes in a model system that simulates liquid flow using the EGOFET device. This demonstrates the potential for fast and selective detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+ ions at maximum permissible concentrations in drinking water using EGOFET-based aptasensors. This is a significant step forward in the development of flow sensors for detecting heavy metals in liquid media.
SN - 1422-0067
ER -