Assessing the suitability of a developed photogrammetric and multispectral method for detecting biostimulant effects on plants
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28 Czech Republic
- 2Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, Prague, 120 44 Czech Republic
- 3Department of Forensic Experts in Transportation, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, Horská 2040/3, Prague 2, 128 03 Czech Republic
Abstract
The present study validates a custom multi-sensor system for high-resolution, non-phenotyping. The photogrammetric workflow was optimised by evaluating image density, algorithms, and camera calibration. Beyond validation, a case study demonstrated the system’s capacity to monitor early plant development following biostimulant treatment. Technical assessment revealed that prior internal camera calibration was unnecessary for the optics used. A reduced dataset of 120 images yielded reconstruction accuracies statistically comparable to full 360-image sets (p > 0.05), confirming potential for maximised throughput efficiency by reducing processing time by approximately 66% without compromising data integrity. Analysis demonstrated that algorithmic settings determined reconstruction accuracy. Active parameter tweaks were essential for maximising surface area precision across all plant species (R2 ≥ 0.98). Conversely, volumetric accuracy required deactivation of these tweaks to maintain mesh consistency. While surface area estimation remained robust, volumetric precision showed species-specific variability driven by morphological complexity. Baseline parameters for accurate plant health scaling were established by defining species-specific vegetation index ranges (e.g., 0.38–0.82 for C. sativus). The platform’s robustness was validated through a longitudinal study evaluating four treatments: yeast autolysate (A), a fungal biostimulant (F), their combination (AF), and a control (C). The system captured distinct morpho-physiological responses, demonstrating that autolysate-based treatments (A and AF) significantly enhanced biomass growth. The developed multi-sensor system recorded surface area expansions of 122% and 102% relative to the control (p < 0.001), alongside a 110% increase in biological height. Fidelity of these 3D reconstructions was substantiated by a strong correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the 3D-derived leaf area index and ground-truth measurements. A key innovation of the pipeline is the integration of vertical distribution metrics as descriptive statistical tools, enabling high-resolution characterisation of canopy architecture. The plant health status metric evidenced enhanced physiological resilience in variants A and AF. Gravimetric analysis corroborated the non-destructive findings, confirming significant increases (p < 0.001) in dried shoot weight of 77% (A) and 79% (AF). The validated system decoupled structural biomass from physiological health, offering broad utility across diverse phenotyping tasks. Such functionality streamlines the valorisation of industrial by-products into biopreparations, driving progress in sustainable agriculture.
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BibTeX
@article{mach2026assessing,
title = {{Assessing the suitability of a developed photogrammetric and multispectral method for detecting biostimulant effects on plants}},
author = {Jiří Mach and Karel Fous and Zdeněk Svatý and Martin Dušek and Drahomír Schmidt and Tomáš Brányik and Martin Halecký},
journal = {Plant Methods},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
doi = {10.1186/s13007-026-01578-7},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-026-01578-7},
note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Assessing the suitability of a developed photogrammetric and multispectral method for detecting biostimulant effects on plants
AU - Jiří Mach
AU - Karel Fous
AU - Zdeněk Svatý
AU - Martin Dušek
AU - Drahomír Schmidt
AU - Tomáš Brányik
AU - Martin Halecký
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/29
JO - Plant Methods
DO - 10.1186/s13007-026-01578-7
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-026-01578-7
AB - The present study validates a custom multi-sensor system for high-resolution, non-phenotyping. The photogrammetric workflow was optimised by evaluating image density, algorithms, and camera calibration. Beyond validation, a case study demonstrated the system’s capacity to monitor early plant development following biostimulant treatment. Technical assessment revealed that prior internal camera calibration was unnecessary for the optics used. A reduced dataset of 120 images yielded reconstruction accuracies statistically comparable to full 360-image sets (p > 0.05), confirming potential for maximised throughput efficiency by reducing processing time by approximately 66% without compromising data integrity. Analysis demonstrated that algorithmic settings determined reconstruction accuracy. Active parameter tweaks were essential for maximising surface area precision across all plant species (R2 ≥ 0.98). Conversely, volumetric accuracy required deactivation of these tweaks to maintain mesh consistency. While surface area estimation remained robust, volumetric precision showed species-specific variability driven by morphological complexity. Baseline parameters for accurate plant health scaling were established by defining species-specific vegetation index ranges (e.g., 0.38–0.82 for C. sativus). The platform’s robustness was validated through a longitudinal study evaluating four treatments: yeast autolysate (A), a fungal biostimulant (F), their combination (AF), and a control (C). The system captured distinct morpho-physiological responses, demonstrating that autolysate-based treatments (A and AF) significantly enhanced biomass growth. The developed multi-sensor system recorded surface area expansions of 122% and 102% relative to the control (p < 0.001), alongside a 110% increase in biological height. Fidelity of these 3D reconstructions was substantiated by a strong correlation (R2 = 0.96) between the 3D-derived leaf area index and ground-truth measurements. A key innovation of the pipeline is the integration of vertical distribution metrics as descriptive statistical tools, enabling high-resolution characterisation of canopy architecture. The plant health status metric evidenced enhanced physiological resilience in variants A and AF. Gravimetric analysis corroborated the non-destructive findings, confirming significant increases (p < 0.001) in dried shoot weight of 77% (A) and 79% (AF). The validated system decoupled structural biomass from physiological health, offering broad utility across diverse phenotyping tasks. Such functionality streamlines the valorisation of industrial by-products into biopreparations, driving progress in sustainable agriculture.
SN - 1746-4811
ER -