Revisiting the directed pathwidth of h-semicomplete digraphs

@misc{gomes2026revisiting,
  title = {{Revisiting the directed pathwidth of h-semicomplete digraphs}},
  author = {Guilherme C. M. Gomes and Raul Lopes and Matthias Mnich},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.41840},
  eprint = {2610.41840},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41840},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND 4.0},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Revisiting the directed pathwidth of h-semicomplete digraphs
AU  - Guilherme C. M. Gomes
AU  - Raul Lopes
AU  - Matthias Mnich
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/30
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.41840
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.41840
AB  - A digraph is h-semicomplete if every vertex has at most h non-neighbors. In semicomplete digraphs, k-triples are obstructions to bounded directed pathwidth with many algorithmic applications: Fradkin and Seymour [JCTB 2013] showed that a large triple contains a subdivision of every small digraph, and triples were used for irrelevant vertex arguments in routing problems by Fomin and Pilipczuk [JCTB 2019] and Gomes, Lopes, and Sau [ICALP 2025]. Fradkin and Seymour also showed that there is a function f(k) such that every semicomplete digraph of directed pathwidth at least f(k) contains a k-triple, and their proof gives f(k) triply exponential in k. For h-semicomplete digraphs, a result of Kitsunai et al. [ESA 2015] also yields a k-triple, but only existentially, and finding one in fixed-parameter time remained open. We improve the bound on f(k) to a single exponential and extend the result to h-semicomplete digraphs: we show that every h-semicomplete digraph of directed pathwidth greater than (h+1) · k · 2^27k+9 contains a k-triple, which we find in polynomial time, and no bound subexponential in k or sublinear in h is possible. We also extend the approximation algorithm for directed pathwidth of Fomin and Pilipczuk to h-semicomplete digraphs, so its certificates of large directed pathwidth remain valid. Our proof is much shorter than the analysis of Kitsunai et al., and while their algorithm is exact, ours runs in polynomial time. As an application, we show that Arc-Disjoint Paths on h-semicomplete digraphs is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by the number of paths and h, generalizing the semicomplete case. Finally, unlike in semicomplete digraphs, directed pathwidth does not bound directed cliquewidth: for every k, some acyclic $1$-semicomplete digraph, so of directed pathwidth zero, has directed cliquewidth at least k.
ER  -