Tomography analysis of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax SN 2024pxl
Abstract
We present an abundance tomography analysis of SN 2024pxl, an intermediate luminosity Type Iax supernova (Mr=−16.82 ± 0.19 mag), with the most-detailed follow-up in the Type Iax subclass to-date. As one of the few intermediate luminosity Type Iax objects, SN 2024pxl may link the two extremes of the peculiar thermonuclear supernova subclass. To test this hypothesis, we analyze its spectral evolution through the first 100 days after the explosion and aim to probe the structure of its ejecta. We conduct an abundance tomography analysis using synthetic spectra produced with the one dimensional radiative transfer code TARDIS. The fit of the spectral time series provides a radial scan of physical properties and probes the stratification of chemical elements throughout most of the SN ejecta. The observed spectral evolution is well fit with the final model, similar to the general predictions of the pure deflagration scenarios, but significant modifications are required in the density function of the inner ejecta and in the chemical profiles of the outermost regions. The constrained physical characteristics, such as the photospheric velocities and the time of maximum light, are also consistent with other SNe~Iax. Despite their small number, intermediate luminosity Type Iax SNe are not outliers in the subclass but demonstrate the continuous nature of SNe Iax through their luminosity range. Following this observation, we argue that all SNe~Iax share the same progenitor and explosion origin.
Related
- Effects of Dust in Electron-Capture Supernovae: Difficulty in Explaining Intermediate Luminosity Red Transients
- SHELLQs. Black Hole Mass and Eddington Ratio Distributions of Intermediate-Luminosity Quasars at 6<z<7
- Gram-Schmidt correlation bookkeeping for weighted FBET-type frameworks: separating short- and long-range correlation scales in correlated measurements, with an application to radio luminosity functions
- Environmental dependence of Type Ia supernova standardization on the local luminosity-weighted age
- Extreme Multiwavelength Variability in the Recurrent Intermediate-type Changing-look Seyfert Galaxy SDSS J234728.73+242745.7
BibTeX
@misc{barna2026tomography,
title = {{Tomography analysis of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax SN 2024pxl}},
author = {Barnabás Barna and Mridweeka Singh and Lindsey A. Kwok and Saurabh W. Jha and R. Dastidar and Conor Larison and Alexei V. Filippenko and J. P. Anderson and Jennifer E. Andrews and Moira Andrews and G. C. Anupama and Prasiddha Arunachalam and Katie Auchettl and Dominik Bánhidi and K. Azalee Bostroem and Thomas G. Brink and Régis Cartier and Ping Chen and T. -W. Chen and Collin T. Christy and David A. Coulter and Sofia Covarrubias and Kyle W. Davis and Connor B. Dickinson and Yize Dong and Joseph Farah and Andreas Flörs and Ryan J. Foley and Noah Franz and Christoffer Fremling and Lluís Galbany and Anjasha Gangopadhyay and Aarna Garg and Elinor L. Gates and Or Graur and Mariusz Gromadzki and Daichi Hiramatsu and Emily Hoang and D. Andrew Howell and Brian Hsu and Joel Johansson and Arti Joshi and Lordrick A. Kahinga and Ravjit Kaur and Sahana Kumar and Piramon Kumnurdmanee and Hanindyo Kuncarayakti and Chang Liu and Keiichi Maeda and Kate Maguire and Bailey Martin and Curtis McCully and Darshana Mehta and Luca M. Menotti and Anne J. Metevier and A. A. Miller and Kuntal Misra and Erika Mochnács and T. E. Müller-Bravo and Megan Newsome},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.28712},
eprint = {2609.28712},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28712},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Tomography analysis of the intermediate-luminosity Type Iax SN 2024pxl
AU - Barnabás Barna
AU - Mridweeka Singh
AU - Lindsey A. Kwok
AU - Saurabh W. Jha
AU - R. Dastidar
AU - Conor Larison
AU - Alexei V. Filippenko
AU - J. P. Anderson
AU - Jennifer E. Andrews
AU - Moira Andrews
AU - G. C. Anupama
AU - Prasiddha Arunachalam
AU - Katie Auchettl
AU - Dominik Bánhidi
AU - K. Azalee Bostroem
AU - Thomas G. Brink
AU - Régis Cartier
AU - Ping Chen
AU - T. -W. Chen
AU - Collin T. Christy
AU - David A. Coulter
AU - Sofia Covarrubias
AU - Kyle W. Davis
AU - Connor B. Dickinson
AU - Yize Dong
AU - Joseph Farah
AU - Andreas Flörs
AU - Ryan J. Foley
AU - Noah Franz
AU - Christoffer Fremling
AU - Lluís Galbany
AU - Anjasha Gangopadhyay
AU - Aarna Garg
AU - Elinor L. Gates
AU - Or Graur
AU - Mariusz Gromadzki
AU - Daichi Hiramatsu
AU - Emily Hoang
AU - D. Andrew Howell
AU - Brian Hsu
AU - Joel Johansson
AU - Arti Joshi
AU - Lordrick A. Kahinga
AU - Ravjit Kaur
AU - Sahana Kumar
AU - Piramon Kumnurdmanee
AU - Hanindyo Kuncarayakti
AU - Chang Liu
AU - Keiichi Maeda
AU - Kate Maguire
AU - Bailey Martin
AU - Curtis McCully
AU - Darshana Mehta
AU - Luca M. Menotti
AU - Anne J. Metevier
AU - A. A. Miller
AU - Kuntal Misra
AU - Erika Mochnács
AU - T. E. Müller-Bravo
AU - Megan Newsome
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/23
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.28712
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28712
AB - We present an abundance tomography analysis of SN 2024pxl, an intermediate luminosity Type Iax supernova (M_r=−16.82 ± 0.19 mag), with the most-detailed follow-up in the Type Iax subclass to-date. As one of the few intermediate luminosity Type Iax objects, SN 2024pxl may link the two extremes of the peculiar thermonuclear supernova subclass. To test this hypothesis, we analyze its spectral evolution through the first 100 days after the explosion and aim to probe the structure of its ejecta. We conduct an abundance tomography analysis using synthetic spectra produced with the one dimensional radiative transfer code TARDIS. The fit of the spectral time series provides a radial scan of physical properties and probes the stratification of chemical elements throughout most of the SN ejecta. The observed spectral evolution is well fit with the final model, similar to the general predictions of the pure deflagration scenarios, but significant modifications are required in the density function of the inner ejecta and in the chemical profiles of the outermost regions. The constrained physical characteristics, such as the photospheric velocities and the time of maximum light, are also consistent with other SNe~Iax. Despite their small number, intermediate luminosity Type Iax SNe are not outliers in the subclass but demonstrate the continuous nature of SNe Iax through their luminosity range. Following this observation, we argue that all SNe~Iax share the same progenitor and explosion origin.
ER -