Effects of an Integrated Breast Self-Examination Education Program Incorporating Practice with a Wearable Breast Examination Simulator on Breast Cancer Knowledge and Health Beliefs: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 46100 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
- 2Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, 46100 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye.
Abstract
Background
Recognizing breast changes and seeking timely medical evaluation are components of breast awareness. This study evaluated the effects of an integrated breast self-examination (BSE) educational intervention incorporating wearable simulator practice on breast cancer knowledge and health beliefs.Methods
This two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 95 women aged 40 years or older (intervention, n = 49; control, n = 46). The intervention group received an integrated intervention comprising individualized face-to-face education, simulator-supported hands-on practice, printed and electronic educational materials, and monthly reminders over three months. The control group received no intervention. Breast cancer knowledge and health beliefs were assessed at baseline and after three months using the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test and the Champion Health Belief Model Scale.Results
At three months, after adjustment for baseline scores, the intervention group had higher general knowledge and curability scores than the control group (p < 0.001). For total knowledge, the sensitivity analysis without the interaction favored the intervention group (adjusted mean difference = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.14-4.15; p < 0.001); the interaction analysis was exploratory (p = 0.041). Adjusted perceived benefit, confidence, and health motivation scores were also higher in the intervention group (p < 0.001).Conclusions
An integrated educational intervention incorporating practice with a wearable breast simulator was associated with higher follow-up scores for breast cancer knowledge, perceived benefits, confidence, and health motivation than no intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06886594).
Related
- An Integrated Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome-Guided COPD Management Strategy Incorporating Adjunctive Acupuncture: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- A Multicomponent Simulation-Based Program Incorporating Ultrasound for Lumbar Puncture Training in Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Educational Trial
- Practical versus Theoretical Teaching of Abnormal Physical Examination Findings to Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- Simulation-based education improves postpartum hemorrhage management knowledge and skills: a randomized controlled trial
- A pilot randomized controlled trial of an integrative psychotherapy incorporating an attachment-based approach for adolescents with cannabis use disorder (TIMCA).
BibTeX
@article{badem2026effects,
title = {{Effects of an Integrated Breast Self-Examination Education Program Incorporating Practice with a Wearable Breast Examination Simulator on Breast Cancer Knowledge and Health Beliefs: A Randomized Controlled Trial.}},
author = {Aysun Badem and Emine Derya İster and Merve Gülpak},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/healthcare14193191},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881630},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Effects of an Integrated Breast Self-Examination Education Program Incorporating Practice with a Wearable Breast Examination Simulator on Breast Cancer Knowledge and Health Beliefs: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
AU - Aysun Badem
AU - Emine Derya İster
AU - Merve Gülpak
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/28
JO - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/healthcare14193191
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881630
AB - Background Recognizing breast changes and seeking timely medical evaluation are components of breast awareness. This study evaluated the effects of an integrated breast self-examination (BSE) educational intervention incorporating wearable simulator practice on breast cancer knowledge and health beliefs.Methods This two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included 95 women aged 40 years or older (intervention, n = 49; control, n = 46). The intervention group received an integrated intervention comprising individualized face-to-face education, simulator-supported hands-on practice, printed and electronic educational materials, and monthly reminders over three months. The control group received no intervention. Breast cancer knowledge and health beliefs were assessed at baseline and after three months using the Comprehensive Breast Cancer Knowledge Test and the Champion Health Belief Model Scale.Results At three months, after adjustment for baseline scores, the intervention group had higher general knowledge and curability scores than the control group (p < 0.001). For total knowledge, the sensitivity analysis without the interaction favored the intervention group (adjusted mean difference = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.14-4.15; p < 0.001); the interaction analysis was exploratory (p = 0.041). Adjusted perceived benefit, confidence, and health motivation scores were also higher in the intervention group (p < 0.001).Conclusions An integrated educational intervention incorporating practice with a wearable breast simulator was associated with higher follow-up scores for breast cancer knowledge, perceived benefits, confidence, and health motivation than no intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06886594).
SN - 2227-9032
ER -