Genuinely multipartite entangled qudits: one rule to link them all
Abstract
Links of rings offer an intuitive picture of multipartite entanglement. Cutting one ring can free some of the others, just as losing a particle, i.e. tracing it out, can disentangle some of the remaining ones. This analogy classifies multipartite entanglement according to which groups of particles stay entangled when others are lost, a question at the heart of robust quantum networks. However, pure states realizing a given link class were known only in special cases. Here, we close this gap. Recasting link polynomials as hypergraphs, we give an explicit formula for pure qudit states and prove that, for every link class, their entanglement under any pattern of particle loss matches the link exactly. The same construction also controls genuine multipartite entanglement, determining exactly which of the groups that stay entangled are genuinely multipartite entangled, and all of them can be made so. As a consequence, we prove the conjecture that m-resistant pure qudit states, which stay entangled after the loss of any m particles but become fully separable after the loss of m+1, exist for any number of particles and any m.
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BibTeX
@misc{quinta2026genuinely,
title = {{Genuinely multipartite entangled qudits: one rule to link them all}},
author = {Gonçalo M. Quinta and Rui André},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2610.33160},
eprint = {2610.33160},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33160},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Genuinely multipartite entangled qudits: one rule to link them all
AU - Gonçalo M. Quinta
AU - Rui André
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/23
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2610.33160
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.33160
AB - Links of rings offer an intuitive picture of multipartite entanglement. Cutting one ring can free some of the others, just as losing a particle, i.e. tracing it out, can disentangle some of the remaining ones. This analogy classifies multipartite entanglement according to which groups of particles stay entangled when others are lost, a question at the heart of robust quantum networks. However, pure states realizing a given link class were known only in special cases. Here, we close this gap. Recasting link polynomials as hypergraphs, we give an explicit formula for pure qudit states and prove that, for every link class, their entanglement under any pattern of particle loss matches the link exactly. The same construction also controls genuine multipartite entanglement, determining exactly which of the groups that stay entangled are genuinely multipartite entangled, and all of them can be made so. As a consequence, we prove the conjecture that m-resistant pure qudit states, which stay entangled after the loss of any m particles but become fully separable after the loss of m+1, exist for any number of particles and any m.
ER -