Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars to phosphorus deficiency and toxicity
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
- 2Grape Production and Genetic Improvement Department, Iranian Grape and Raisin Institute, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
- 3Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
- 4Republic of Türkiye, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Hatay Olive Research Institute Directorate, Hassa, Hatay, Türkiye.
- 5ICAR - Central Institute for Arid Horticulture, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India.
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms governing grapevine adaptation across varying P supply levels—from deficiency to toxicity—require further clarification. This study evaluated the morphophysiological, nutritional, and biochemical adaptations of two contrasting grapevine cultivars, ‘Khalili’ and ‘Perlette’, to varying P levels: 0 mM (deficiency), 2.5 mM (sufficiency), and 5 mM (excess/toxicity). Results demonstrated that vegetative growth parameters—including stem length, stem diameter, lateral shoot number, and shoot dry weight—peaked under P sufficiency (2.5 mM), whereas severe P deficiency and P excess significantly impaired shoot development. In contrast, root dry weight remained comparable between 2.5 and 5 mM P, resulting in a higher root-to-shoot ratio under P excess. Nutrient profiling revealed distinct tissue-specific partitioning: P supply promoted foliar P and N accumulation while altering root macronutrient status (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), but sharply reduced foliar Fe and Zn concentrations. In roots, elevated P suppressed Fe, Mn, and Cu accumulation while enhancing Zn uptake. Both P deficiency and excess triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by up-regulated activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase) in leaves and roots. Cultivar-specific responses were prominent: P deficiency induced substantial anthocyanin accumulation and higher leaf starch content in ‘Khalili’, whereas ‘Perlette’ maintained more stable ionic homeostasis under P excess. Overall, 2.5 mM P represents the physiological optimum for grapevine vegetative development, while both extreme deficiency and excess impair growth via distinct mineral imbalances and oxidative stress cascades.
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BibTeX
@article{behrooz2026morphophysiological,
title = {{Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars to phosphorus deficiency and toxicity}},
author = {Maryam Zaeri Behrooz and Rouhollah Karimi and Ali Khadivi and Yazgan Tunç and Lalu Prasad Yadav},
journal = {PLOS One},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0361111},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361111},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Morphophysiological and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars to phosphorus deficiency and toxicity
AU - Maryam Zaeri Behrooz
AU - Rouhollah Karimi
AU - Ali Khadivi
AU - Yazgan Tunç
AU - Lalu Prasad Yadav
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/26
JO - PLOS One
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0361111
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361111
AB - Phosphorus (P) is a vital macronutrient for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.); however, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms governing grapevine adaptation across varying P supply levels—from deficiency to toxicity—require further clarification. This study evaluated the morphophysiological, nutritional, and biochemical adaptations of two contrasting grapevine cultivars, ‘Khalili’ and ‘Perlette’, to varying P levels: 0 mM (deficiency), 2.5 mM (sufficiency), and 5 mM (excess/toxicity). Results demonstrated that vegetative growth parameters—including stem length, stem diameter, lateral shoot number, and shoot dry weight—peaked under P sufficiency (2.5 mM), whereas severe P deficiency and P excess significantly impaired shoot development. In contrast, root dry weight remained comparable between 2.5 and 5 mM P, resulting in a higher root-to-shoot ratio under P excess. Nutrient profiling revealed distinct tissue-specific partitioning: P supply promoted foliar P and N accumulation while altering root macronutrient status (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), but sharply reduced foliar Fe and Zn concentrations. In roots, elevated P suppressed Fe, Mn, and Cu accumulation while enhancing Zn uptake. Both P deficiency and excess triggered oxidative stress, evidenced by up-regulated activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase) in leaves and roots. Cultivar-specific responses were prominent: P deficiency induced substantial anthocyanin accumulation and higher leaf starch content in ‘Khalili’, whereas ‘Perlette’ maintained more stable ionic homeostasis under P excess. Overall, 2.5 mM P represents the physiological optimum for grapevine vegetative development, while both extreme deficiency and excess impair growth via distinct mineral imbalances and oxidative stress cascades.
SN - 1932-6203
ER -