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Peer-reviewedCC BY-NC-NDBMC microbiology

Role of gut microbiota in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: insights from 16S rRNA sequencing and cluster analysis.

  • Tong Wu1,2
  • Yanhong Li1,2
  • Lu Cheng3
  • Yinlan Wu1,2
  • Deying Huang1,2
  • Xiuping Liang1,2
  • Yi Liu4,5,6
6 affiliations
  1. 1Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
  2. 2Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China.
  3. 3Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
  4. 4Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. [email protected].
  5. 5Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China. [email protected].
  6. 6West China Lecheng Hospital, Sichuan University, Boao, Hainan, 571435, China. [email protected].
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Abstract

Background

The disturbed gut microbiota has been found involved in the immunopathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). However, the clinical and pathogenic role of gut microbiota in Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) remains unclear. This study employs 16 S rRNA gene sequencing combined with unsupervised cluster analysis to explore the alterations in gut micro-biota in IIMs patients, aiming to elucidate the association between gut microbial composition and the clinical manifestations of IIMs.Results

Analysis of fecal samples from 77 IIMs patients and 32 healthy controls revealed significant reductions in both the richness and diversity of the gut bacterial community in the IIM group. IIMs patients exhibited a significantly elevated microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes. Clustering analysis classified IIMs patients into three distinct microbiota-based clusters, each with unique bacterial compositions and clinical features. Cluster 1 showed a lower incidence of skin symptoms and Cluster 2 had a lower disease activity score and relatively normal immunity indicators. Conversely, Cluster 3 patients exhibited a higher prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Correlation analyses highlighted specific gut bacteria associated with clinical features, particularly strong negative correlations between core short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulu, and Ruminococcus, and skin manifestations, disease activity, and inflammation indicators.Conclusions

Our study revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota of IIMs patients along with the distinct microbial signatures identified in different patient clusters, underscoring the potential role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of IIMs. These findings provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of IIMs and highlight the importance of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in managing IIMs.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{wu2026role,
  title = {{Role of gut microbiota in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: insights from 16S rRNA sequencing and cluster analysis.}},
  author = {Tong Wu and Yanhong Li and Lu Cheng and Yinlan Wu and Deying Huang and Xiuping Liang and Yi Liu},
  journal = {BMC microbiology},
  year = {2026},
  month = jul,
  doi = {10.1186/s12866-026-05401-0},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928110},
  note = {CC BY-NC-ND},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Role of gut microbiota in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: insights from 16S rRNA sequencing and cluster analysis.
AU  - Tong Wu
AU  - Yanhong Li
AU  - Lu Cheng
AU  - Yinlan Wu
AU  - Deying Huang
AU  - Xiuping Liang
AU  - Yi Liu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/07/29
JO  - BMC microbiology
DO  - 10.1186/s12866-026-05401-0
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42928110
AB  - Background  The disturbed gut microbiota has been found involved in the immunopathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). However, the clinical and pathogenic role of gut microbiota in Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) remains unclear. This study employs 16 S rRNA gene sequencing combined with unsupervised cluster analysis to explore the alterations in gut micro-biota in IIMs patients, aiming to elucidate the association between gut microbial composition and the clinical manifestations of IIMs.Results  Analysis of fecal samples from 77 IIMs patients and 32 healthy controls revealed significant reductions in both the richness and diversity of the gut bacterial community in the IIM group. IIMs patients exhibited a significantly elevated microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes. Clustering analysis classified IIMs patients into three distinct microbiota-based clusters, each with unique bacterial compositions and clinical features. Cluster 1 showed a lower incidence of skin symptoms and Cluster 2 had a lower disease activity score and relatively normal immunity indicators. Conversely, Cluster 3 patients exhibited a higher prevalence of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Correlation analyses highlighted specific gut bacteria associated with clinical features, particularly strong negative correlations between core short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulu, and Ruminococcus, and skin manifestations, disease activity, and inflammation indicators.Conclusions  Our study revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota of IIMs patients along with the distinct microbial signatures identified in different patient clusters, underscoring the potential role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and clinical heterogeneity of IIMs. These findings provide a novel perspective on the pathogenesis of IIMs and highlight the importance of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in managing IIMs.
SN  - 1471-2180
ER  -