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Peer-reviewedCC BYScience

Magnon hydrodynamics in an atomically thin ferromagnet

  • Ruolan Xue1
  • Nikola Maksimovic2
  • Pavel E. Dolgirev2
  • Li-Qiao Xia3
  • Aaron Müller4
  • Ryota Kitagawa5
  • Francisco Machado2,6
  • Dahlia R. Klein7,3
  • David MacNeill3
  • Kenji Watanabe8
  • Takashi Taniguchi8
  • Pablo Jarillo‐Herrero3
3 more authors
  • Mikhail D. Lukin2
  • Eugene Demler4
  • Amir Yacoby2,1
8 affiliations
  1. 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  2. 2Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
  3. 3Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
  4. 4Department of Physics, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
  5. 5Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
  6. 6Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (ITAMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
  7. 7Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
  8. 8Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract

Strong interactions between particles can lead to emergent collective excitations. Spin waves, known as magnons, have been predicted to reach a strongly interacting hydrodynamic regime, where they form a slow collective density mode. In this work, we isolate exfoliated sheets of chromium trichloride (CrCl 3 ), where magnon interactions are strong, and develop a technique to measure the collective magnon dynamics though nearby nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Thermal magnetic fluctuations generated by monolayer CrCl 3 increase upon decreasing temperature; this anomalous trend may be a consequence of the damping rate of a low-energy magnon sound mode that sharpens as magnon interactions increase with increasing temperature. By measuring the magnetic fluctuations emitted by thin multilayer CrCl 3 in the presence of a variable-frequency drive field, we obtain spectroscopic evidence for this two-dimensional magnon sound mode.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{xue2026magnon,
  title = {{Magnon hydrodynamics in an atomically thin ferromagnet}},
  author = {Ruolan Xue and Nikola Maksimovic and Pavel E. Dolgirev and Li-Qiao Xia and Aaron Müller and Ryota Kitagawa and Francisco Machado and Dahlia R. Klein and David MacNeill and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Pablo Jarillo‐Herrero and Mikhail D. Lukin and Eugene Demler and Amir Yacoby},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2026},
  month = may,
  doi = {10.1126/science.adp2397},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp2397},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Magnon hydrodynamics in an atomically thin ferromagnet
AU  - Ruolan Xue
AU  - Nikola Maksimovic
AU  - Pavel E. Dolgirev
AU  - Li-Qiao Xia
AU  - Aaron Müller
AU  - Ryota Kitagawa
AU  - Francisco Machado
AU  - Dahlia R. Klein
AU  - David MacNeill
AU  - Kenji Watanabe
AU  - Takashi Taniguchi
AU  - Pablo Jarillo‐Herrero
AU  - Mikhail D. Lukin
AU  - Eugene Demler
AU  - Amir Yacoby
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/05/21
JO  - Science
DO  - 10.1126/science.adp2397
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adp2397
AB  - Strong interactions between particles can lead to emergent collective excitations. Spin waves, known as magnons, have been predicted to reach a strongly interacting hydrodynamic regime, where they form a slow collective density mode. In this work, we isolate exfoliated sheets of chromium trichloride (CrCl 3 ), where magnon interactions are strong, and develop a technique to measure the collective magnon dynamics though nearby nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Thermal magnetic fluctuations generated by monolayer CrCl 3 increase upon decreasing temperature; this anomalous trend may be a consequence of the damping rate of a low-energy magnon sound mode that sharpens as magnon interactions increase with increasing temperature. By measuring the magnetic fluctuations emitted by thin multilayer CrCl 3 in the presence of a variable-frequency drive field, we obtain spectroscopic evidence for this two-dimensional magnon sound mode.
SN  - 0036-8075
SN  - 0193-4511
SN  - 1095-9203
ER  -