Genomic-guided precision oncology in canine cancer: from comparative genomics to liquid biopsy and molecular monitoring.
4 affiliations
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- 2Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
- 4Royal Animal Medical Center, Seoul 02140, Korea. [email protected].
Abstract
Importance
Traditional cancer diagnostics in veterinary medicine are limited by invasiveness and insufficient sensitivity for real-time molecular monitoring. This review critically evaluates the clinical applicability of somatic mutation profiling and liquid biopsy technologies to establish an evidence-based, tiered framework for precision oncology in canine patients, with emphasis on veterinary-specific constraints and technology selection.Observations
Key somatic biomarkers demonstrate strong clinical utility: BRAF V595E achieves > 80% diagnostic sensitivity in canine urothelial carcinoma and is detectable non-invasively in urine via droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The multicenter cancer detection in dogs (CANDiD) study demonstrated circulating tumor DNA-based liquid biopsy achieves 54.7% overall sensitivity and 98.5% specificity, though stage I detection remains critically limited at 16.1%, underscoring the current gap for early-stage screening. Minimal residual disease assessment via allele-specific oligonucleotide-PCR and next-generation sequencing enables detection of molecular relapse 42-168 days before clinical manifestation in canine lymphoma. However, analytical variability across platforms, lack of standardized pipelines, and high cost represent significant barriers to routine veterinary application.Conclusions and relevance
Genomic-guided oncology offers substantial clinical value for canine cancer management yet requires veterinary-specific validation before broad adoption. Targeted sequencing panels currently represent the optimal balance of cost-effectiveness and clinical utility for most veterinary practitioners, while ddPCR is preferred for longitudinal tracking of known mutations. Liquid biopsy cannot serve as a standalone screening tool at present, but functions as a valuable complementary monitoring approach. Continued canine-specific biomarker research and multicenter data sharing are essential prerequisites for integrating precision medicine into routine veterinary care.
Related
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BibTeX
@article{kang2026genomicguided,
title = {{Genomic-guided precision oncology in canine cancer: from comparative genomics to liquid biopsy and molecular monitoring.}},
author = {Minjeong Kang and Jaemin Kim and Jinho Park and DoHyeon Yu},
journal = {Journal of veterinary science},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.4142/jvs.25370},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847792},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Genomic-guided precision oncology in canine cancer: from comparative genomics to liquid biopsy and molecular monitoring.
AU - Minjeong Kang
AU - Jaemin Kim
AU - Jinho Park
AU - DoHyeon Yu
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
JO - Journal of veterinary science
DO - 10.4142/jvs.25370
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42847792
AB - Importance Traditional cancer diagnostics in veterinary medicine are limited by invasiveness and insufficient sensitivity for real-time molecular monitoring. This review critically evaluates the clinical applicability of somatic mutation profiling and liquid biopsy technologies to establish an evidence-based, tiered framework for precision oncology in canine patients, with emphasis on veterinary-specific constraints and technology selection.Observations Key somatic biomarkers demonstrate strong clinical utility: BRAF V595E achieves > 80% diagnostic sensitivity in canine urothelial carcinoma and is detectable non-invasively in urine via droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The multicenter cancer detection in dogs (CANDiD) study demonstrated circulating tumor DNA-based liquid biopsy achieves 54.7% overall sensitivity and 98.5% specificity, though stage I detection remains critically limited at 16.1%, underscoring the current gap for early-stage screening. Minimal residual disease assessment via allele-specific oligonucleotide-PCR and next-generation sequencing enables detection of molecular relapse 42-168 days before clinical manifestation in canine lymphoma. However, analytical variability across platforms, lack of standardized pipelines, and high cost represent significant barriers to routine veterinary application.Conclusions and relevance Genomic-guided oncology offers substantial clinical value for canine cancer management yet requires veterinary-specific validation before broad adoption. Targeted sequencing panels currently represent the optimal balance of cost-effectiveness and clinical utility for most veterinary practitioners, while ddPCR is preferred for longitudinal tracking of known mutations. Liquid biopsy cannot serve as a standalone screening tool at present, but functions as a valuable complementary monitoring approach. Continued canine-specific biomarker research and multicenter data sharing are essential prerequisites for integrating precision medicine into routine veterinary care.
SN - 1229-845X
SN - 1976-555X
ER -