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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Polymers

The Flexible MWCNTs-PDMS Electrode-Based Counter-Rotating Hybrid Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator for Effective Wind Energy Harvesting

  • Yao Zhu1
  • Xue Liu2
  • Wei Zhong1
  • Jiwen Fang1
  • Chong Li1
  • Xiaohong Dong3
  • Jiang Shao1
  1. 1The College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China
  2. 2The College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
  3. 3Yangzhou Chenhua New Materials Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225000, China
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Abstract

Wind energy is one of the most abundant and sustainable renewable energy resources. However, its efficient utilization remains challenging because of fluctuating wind speeds and multidirectional airflow. In this work, we develop a dual-rotor hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic energy harvester (H-TENG) featuring flexible multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (MWCNTs/PDMS) composite electrodes to improve wind energy harvesting efficiency. The effects of electrode materials and rotor configurations on the electrical output of the device are systematically investigated. Compared with conventional copper electrodes, the flexible MWCNTs/PDMS composite electrodes increase the peak output power of the triboelectric unit by 46.1% at a wind speed of 6 m s−1, while the dual-rotor configuration further enhances the peak output power by up to approximately 195.6% relative to the single-rotor design. To overcome the limited, short-circuit current output of the triboelectric generator, an electromagnetic generator is integrated into the hybrid system. The optimized device delivers a maximum output open-circuit voltage of 1212.34 V from the TENG and a maximum short-circuit current of 13.64 mA from the EMG. The harvested energy is sufficient to continuously power a digital watch and 240 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work provides an effective material–structure synergistic strategy for high-performance hybrid wind energy harvesters and offers a promising approach for harvesting low-speed and multidirectional wind energy.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{zhu2026flexible,
  title = {{The Flexible MWCNTs-PDMS Electrode-Based Counter-Rotating Hybrid Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator for Effective Wind Energy Harvesting}},
  author = {Yao Zhu and Xue Liu and Wei Zhong and Jiwen Fang and Chong Li and Xiaohong Dong and Jiang Shao},
  journal = {Polymers},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.3390/polym18212754},
  url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2754},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Flexible MWCNTs-PDMS Electrode-Based Counter-Rotating Hybrid Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Nanogenerator for Effective Wind Energy Harvesting
AU  - Yao Zhu
AU  - Xue Liu
AU  - Wei Zhong
AU  - Jiwen Fang
AU  - Chong Li
AU  - Xiaohong Dong
AU  - Jiang Shao
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
JO  - Polymers
DO  - 10.3390/polym18212754
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/21/2754
AB  - Wind energy is one of the most abundant and sustainable renewable energy resources. However, its efficient utilization remains challenging because of fluctuating wind speeds and multidirectional airflow. In this work, we develop a dual-rotor hybrid triboelectric–electromagnetic energy harvester (H-TENG) featuring flexible multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (MWCNTs/PDMS) composite electrodes to improve wind energy harvesting efficiency. The effects of electrode materials and rotor configurations on the electrical output of the device are systematically investigated. Compared with conventional copper electrodes, the flexible MWCNTs/PDMS composite electrodes increase the peak output power of the triboelectric unit by 46.1% at a wind speed of 6 m s−1, while the dual-rotor configuration further enhances the peak output power by up to approximately 195.6% relative to the single-rotor design. To overcome the limited, short-circuit current output of the triboelectric generator, an electromagnetic generator is integrated into the hybrid system. The optimized device delivers a maximum output open-circuit voltage of 1212.34 V from the TENG and a maximum short-circuit current of 13.64 mA from the EMG. The harvested energy is sufficient to continuously power a digital watch and 240 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This work provides an effective material–structure synergistic strategy for high-performance hybrid wind energy harvesters and offers a promising approach for harvesting low-speed and multidirectional wind energy.
SN  - 2073-4360
ER  -