4D-Printed Temperature-Switchable Monolithic Packing for NIR-Actuated Elemental Speciation Analysis.
- 1Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City40227, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
Four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies drive the use of stimuli-responsive materials in the fabrication of versatile analytical devices. In this study, a monolithic packing comprising a nonresponsive part and a graphene-incorporated thermoresponsive part was fabricated using digital light processing 4DP technique and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based photocurable resins with and without graphene to enable elemental speciation analysis in one solid-phase extraction column. The nonresponsive part selectively extracted Cr(III), As(III), and Se(IV) when its temperature was lower than the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the polyNIPAM hydrogel. The graphene-incorporated part became hydrophobic for the selective extraction of Cr(VI), As(V), and Se(VI) when near-infrared (NIR) irradiation was applied to increase its temperature (>VPTT), resulting in the NIR-actuated switching of monolithic packing's hydrophobicity for the speciation analysis of inorganic Cr, As, and Se. After optimizing the design, fabrication, and NIR actuation of the monolithic packing, the automated speciation scheme was coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to enable highly sensitive speciation of inorganic Cr, As, and Se; the method detection limits and absolute extraction efficiencies of these species were 0.1-0.6 ng L-1 and >87.3%, respectively. These species were analyzed in reference materials (CASS-6, SLRS-5, 1643f, and Seronorm Trace Elements Urine L-2) and environmental water and human urine samples to validate the reliability of this method. The results indicated that the 4D-printed NIR-actuated temperature-switchable monolithic packing showed promising capability and applicability to advance nonchromatographic speciation analysis of trace elements.
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BibTeX
@article{chen20264dprinted,
title = {{4D-Printed Temperature-Switchable Monolithic Packing for NIR-Actuated Elemental Speciation Analysis.}},
author = {Yi-Ting Chen and Yi-Chia Ho and Cheng-Kuan Su},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.6c01832},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42915671},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - 4D-Printed Temperature-Switchable Monolithic Packing for NIR-Actuated Elemental Speciation Analysis.
AU - Yi-Ting Chen
AU - Yi-Chia Ho
AU - Cheng-Kuan Su
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Analytical chemistry
DO - 10.1021/acs.analchem.6c01832
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42915671
AB - Four-dimensional printing (4DP) technologies drive the use of stimuli-responsive materials in the fabrication of versatile analytical devices. In this study, a monolithic packing comprising a nonresponsive part and a graphene-incorporated thermoresponsive part was fabricated using digital light processing 4DP technique and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based photocurable resins with and without graphene to enable elemental speciation analysis in one solid-phase extraction column. The nonresponsive part selectively extracted Cr(III), As(III), and Se(IV) when its temperature was lower than the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the polyNIPAM hydrogel. The graphene-incorporated part became hydrophobic for the selective extraction of Cr(VI), As(V), and Se(VI) when near-infrared (NIR) irradiation was applied to increase its temperature (>VPTT), resulting in the NIR-actuated switching of monolithic packing's hydrophobicity for the speciation analysis of inorganic Cr, As, and Se. After optimizing the design, fabrication, and NIR actuation of the monolithic packing, the automated speciation scheme was coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to enable highly sensitive speciation of inorganic Cr, As, and Se; the method detection limits and absolute extraction efficiencies of these species were 0.1-0.6 ng L-1 and >87.3%, respectively. These species were analyzed in reference materials (CASS-6, SLRS-5, 1643f, and Seronorm Trace Elements Urine L-2) and environmental water and human urine samples to validate the reliability of this method. The results indicated that the 4D-printed NIR-actuated temperature-switchable monolithic packing showed promising capability and applicability to advance nonchromatographic speciation analysis of trace elements.
SN - 0003-2700
SN - 1520-6882
ER -