Development of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) Under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures: Implications for Minimum Postmortem Interval Estimation.
- 1Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Academy of Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
- 2Guangdong Nantian Institute of Forensic Science, Shenzhen 518033, China.
Abstract
Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) is widely distributed across pantropical and subtropical biogeographic regions. Despite its recognized forensic importance, comprehensive developmental data for it remains scarce. This study observed the development of S. nudiseta from egg to adult at six constant temperatures in the range of 20-35 °C, and found that the times required were 732.7 ± 7, 587.3 ± 4.7, 449 ± 21.3, 393.7 ± 5.7, 361.3 ± 8.3 h, respectively. It cannot complete development at 35 °C. We established three development models to estimate the age of the immature insect: isomegalen diagram, isomorphen diagram, and thermal summation model. A regression analysis was performed on the relationship between body length and total development time from hatching to pupariation. The thermal summation constant during the development of S. nudiseta was 7870.1 degree-hours, and the developmental threshold temperature was 9.28 °C. In addition, we observed development of S. nudiseta under four fluctuating temperature regimes; developmental duration exhibited a negative correlation with increasing mean temperature; however, inclusion of 35 °C within the fluctuating temperature cycle prevented successful adult eclosion, with the vast majority of pupae succumbing to mortality before reaching the adult stage. The results of this experiment provide a basis for the use of S. nudiseta in the estimation of PMImin.
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BibTeX
@article{long2026development,
title = {{Development of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) Under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures: Implications for Minimum Postmortem Interval Estimation.}},
author = {Ren Long and Chengyong Luo and Yuting Xie and Ziling Guo and Chenxi Liu and Ziheng Xu and Gaolin Zheng and Tao Song},
journal = {Insects},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.3390/insects17100982},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940893},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Development of Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) Under Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures: Implications for Minimum Postmortem Interval Estimation.
AU - Ren Long
AU - Chengyong Luo
AU - Yuting Xie
AU - Ziling Guo
AU - Chenxi Liu
AU - Ziheng Xu
AU - Gaolin Zheng
AU - Tao Song
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/23
JO - Insects
DO - 10.3390/insects17100982
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42940893
AB - Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) is widely distributed across pantropical and subtropical biogeographic regions. Despite its recognized forensic importance, comprehensive developmental data for it remains scarce. This study observed the development of S. nudiseta from egg to adult at six constant temperatures in the range of 20-35 °C, and found that the times required were 732.7 ± 7, 587.3 ± 4.7, 449 ± 21.3, 393.7 ± 5.7, 361.3 ± 8.3 h, respectively. It cannot complete development at 35 °C. We established three development models to estimate the age of the immature insect: isomegalen diagram, isomorphen diagram, and thermal summation model. A regression analysis was performed on the relationship between body length and total development time from hatching to pupariation. The thermal summation constant during the development of S. nudiseta was 7870.1 degree-hours, and the developmental threshold temperature was 9.28 °C. In addition, we observed development of S. nudiseta under four fluctuating temperature regimes; developmental duration exhibited a negative correlation with increasing mean temperature; however, inclusion of 35 °C within the fluctuating temperature cycle prevented successful adult eclosion, with the vast majority of pupae succumbing to mortality before reaching the adult stage. The results of this experiment provide a basis for the use of S. nudiseta in the estimation of PMImin.
SN - 2075-4450
ER -