Robust Hamiltonian engineering with subensemble control
Abstract
We present a robust protocol to reshape interactions in a spin ensemble based on global control pulse sequences applied to multiple subensembles in parallel. This setting arises naturally from ensembles of solid-state defects or multi-species atomic arrays. We show that it is provably computationally hard to find pulse sequences that simultaneously engineer interactions both within and between subensembles. Despite its formal hardness, we identify a set of necessary or sufficient conditions under which one can synthesize a target Hamiltonian from the native one. Moreover, we introduce efficient numerical strategies for designing pulse sequences that engineer target Hamiltonians robust against common control imperfections. As a specific application, we discuss the robust generation of two-mode spin squeezing in dual-species atomic ensembles, which is a challenging task without subensemble control. Our results provide a practical toolbox to design novel quantum simulation and sensing experiments with minimal control overhead.
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BibTeX
@misc{gong2026robust,
title = {{Robust Hamiltonian engineering with subensemble control}},
author = {Wenjie Gong and Matteo Votto and Soonwon Choi},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.03045},
eprint = {2609.03045},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03045},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Robust Hamiltonian engineering with subensemble control
AU - Wenjie Gong
AU - Matteo Votto
AU - Soonwon Choi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/20
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.03045
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.03045
AB - We present a robust protocol to reshape interactions in a spin ensemble based on global control pulse sequences applied to multiple subensembles in parallel. This setting arises naturally from ensembles of solid-state defects or multi-species atomic arrays. We show that it is provably computationally hard to find pulse sequences that simultaneously engineer interactions both within and between subensembles. Despite its formal hardness, we identify a set of necessary or sufficient conditions under which one can synthesize a target Hamiltonian from the native one. Moreover, we introduce efficient numerical strategies for designing pulse sequences that engineer target Hamiltonians robust against common control imperfections. As a specific application, we discuss the robust generation of two-mode spin squeezing in dual-species atomic ensembles, which is a challenging task without subensemble control. Our results provide a practical toolbox to design novel quantum simulation and sensing experiments with minimal control overhead.
ER -