Supportive Resources, Work Engagement, and Contextual Performance Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study.
7 affiliations
- 1Community and Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- 2Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib College for Knowledge, Riyadh 13325, Saudi Arabia.
- 3Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- 4Department of Adult Health Nursing, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib College for Knowledge, Riyadh 13325, Saudi Arabia.
- 5Nursing Administration and Education Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
- 6Department of Health Systems and Nursing Education, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib College for Knowledge, Riyadh 13325, Saudi Arabia.
- 7Master of Science in Nursing Program, College of Nursing, King Saud University, P.O. Box 642, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
Background: Nurses' contextual performance, defined as voluntary, extra-role behaviors that support colleagues, teams, and the organization, is critical to patient safety and care quality. Although individual, work, and interpersonal resources have each been linked to nurse outcomes, the pathways through which these resources are associated with contextual performance remain insufficiently examined in the nursing workforce. This study examined the relationships between individual, work, and interpersonal resources; work engagement; and contextual performance among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study guided by the Job Demands-Resources model was conducted among 136 nurses working in healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia between 5 February and 11 March 2026. Data were collected using the Thriving in Nursing Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression, and bootstrapped mediation analyses (PROCESS Model 4, 5000 resamples) were performed. Results: The sample was predominantly female (70.6%) and non-Saudi (63.2%), and most held a bachelor's degree (75.0%), with a mean age of 32.73 years (SD = 6.92). Individual, work, and interpersonal resources and work engagement were positively correlated with contextual performance (p < 0.001). In the regression model, work resources (β = 0.40, p = 0.004), work engagement (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), and nationality (β = -0.21, p = 0.025; lower scores among non-Saudi nurses) were independent predictors, together explaining 35.3% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.29). Bootstrapped indirect effects of individual, work, and interpersonal resources on contextual performance through work engagement were statistically significant, indicating that work engagement statistically accounted for a modest part of each resource-performance association, with significant direct associations remaining. Conclusions: In the mediation models, individual, work, and interpersonal resources were associated with nurses' contextual performance both directly and indirectly through work engagement. All variables were measured at a single time point, so these indirect effects represent statistical associations rather than causal mechanisms. These findings suggest that organizational strategies strengthening nurses' work, personal, and interpersonal resources, particularly work resources, may support engagement and contextual performance.
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BibTeX
@article{moafa2026supportive,
title = {{Supportive Resources, Work Engagement, and Contextual Performance Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study.}},
author = {Hamza Moafa and Ahmed Nahari and Monir Almotairy and Eman Alarood},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3390/healthcare14193254},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881694},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Supportive Resources, Work Engagement, and Contextual Performance Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study.
AU - Hamza Moafa
AU - Ahmed Nahari
AU - Monir Almotairy
AU - Eman Alarood
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/01
JO - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
DO - 10.3390/healthcare14193254
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42881694
AB - Background: Nurses' contextual performance, defined as voluntary, extra-role behaviors that support colleagues, teams, and the organization, is critical to patient safety and care quality. Although individual, work, and interpersonal resources have each been linked to nurse outcomes, the pathways through which these resources are associated with contextual performance remain insufficiently examined in the nursing workforce. This study examined the relationships between individual, work, and interpersonal resources; work engagement; and contextual performance among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study guided by the Job Demands-Resources model was conducted among 136 nurses working in healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia between 5 February and 11 March 2026. Data were collected using the Thriving in Nursing Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression, and bootstrapped mediation analyses (PROCESS Model 4, 5000 resamples) were performed. Results: The sample was predominantly female (70.6%) and non-Saudi (63.2%), and most held a bachelor's degree (75.0%), with a mean age of 32.73 years (SD = 6.92). Individual, work, and interpersonal resources and work engagement were positively correlated with contextual performance (p < 0.001). In the regression model, work resources (β = 0.40, p = 0.004), work engagement (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), and nationality (β = -0.21, p = 0.025; lower scores among non-Saudi nurses) were independent predictors, together explaining 35.3% of the variance (adjusted R² = 0.29). Bootstrapped indirect effects of individual, work, and interpersonal resources on contextual performance through work engagement were statistically significant, indicating that work engagement statistically accounted for a modest part of each resource-performance association, with significant direct associations remaining. Conclusions: In the mediation models, individual, work, and interpersonal resources were associated with nurses' contextual performance both directly and indirectly through work engagement. All variables were measured at a single time point, so these indirect effects represent statistical associations rather than causal mechanisms. These findings suggest that organizational strategies strengthening nurses' work, personal, and interpersonal resources, particularly work resources, may support engagement and contextual performance.
SN - 2227-9032
ER -