Vector Potential-based Beam Current Sensors: Applications for Mu2e, and Picosecond Bunch Substructure
Abstract
We report on a new beam current monitor system based on work originally done to develop timing planes for future collider detectors. In contrast to sensors based on wall currents or toroid inductance, we make use of electric field induced by the electromagnetic vector potential of the beam current as it passes near or through a transmission line (TL), arranged with its dominant TEM or TE10 fields aligned with the current, thus directly coupling to TL modes. For resonantly extracted proton pulses currently being commissioned at the Fermilab Delivery Ring, we utilized a TEM parallel-plate TL geometry, since the requirements included measuring the structure of the bunch over ∼200 ns time scales. We present the design and results of simulated and realized sensors now deployed at Fermilab for future use as pulse-to-pulse proton intensity monitors at the Mu2e experiment. In addition, inspired by this and prior work, we investigate the use of broadband mm-wave dual-ridge waveguides as a means of measuring substructure of nanosecond bunches down to the tens of picosecond level for future use at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF).
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BibTeX
@misc{gorham2026vector,
title = {{Vector Potential-based Beam Current Sensors: Applications for Mu2e, and Picosecond Bunch Substructure}},
author = {P. W. Gorham and M. T. Hedges and R. Kim and P. M. Lewis and K. Lynch and C. Miki and J. Morgan and N. Nyza and D. Pang and T. Polischuk and D. Still},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.28663},
eprint = {2609.28663},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28663},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Vector Potential-based Beam Current Sensors: Applications for Mu2e, and Picosecond Bunch Substructure
AU - P. W. Gorham
AU - M. T. Hedges
AU - R. Kim
AU - P. M. Lewis
AU - K. Lynch
AU - C. Miki
AU - J. Morgan
AU - N. Nyza
AU - D. Pang
AU - T. Polischuk
AU - D. Still
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/25
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.28663
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.28663
AB - We report on a new beam current monitor system based on work originally done to develop timing planes for future collider detectors. In contrast to sensors based on wall currents or toroid inductance, we make use of electric field induced by the electromagnetic vector potential of the beam current as it passes near or through a transmission line (TL), arranged with its dominant TEM or TE10 fields aligned with the current, thus directly coupling to TL modes. For resonantly extracted proton pulses currently being commissioned at the Fermilab Delivery Ring, we utilized a TEM parallel-plate TL geometry, since the requirements included measuring the structure of the bunch over ∼200 ns time scales. We present the design and results of simulated and realized sensors now deployed at Fermilab for future use as pulse-to-pulse proton intensity monitors at the Mu2e experiment. In addition, inspired by this and prior work, we investigate the use of broadband mm-wave dual-ridge waveguides as a means of measuring substructure of nanosecond bunches down to the tens of picosecond level for future use at the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF).
ER -