Spontaneous currents determine capillary rise in active matter
Abstract
The capillary rise of simple passive fluids in a tube is given by Jurin's law of capillary action, which balances surface tension and gravity. For fluids composed of active particles interacting via pairwise forces, a capillary rise was reported despite a negative mechanical surface tension, a phenomenon which remains unexplained. We establish the active form of Jurin's law from the microscopic dynamics. It includes a drag emerging from particle currents that we find responsible for capillary rise. These active currents, alongside negative surface tension, lead to complex and counterintuitive capillary action phenomena that are impossible in equilibrium. In particular the capillary rise of active fluids depends on the shape of the tube, not solely on the tube diameter.
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BibTeX
@misc{dong2026spontaneous,
title = {{Spontaneous currents determine capillary rise in active matter}},
author = {Xinyi Dong and Yongfeng Zhao},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2608.22878},
eprint = {2608.22878},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22878},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - Spontaneous currents determine capillary rise in active matter
AU - Xinyi Dong
AU - Yongfeng Zhao
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2608.22878
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22878
AB - The capillary rise of simple passive fluids in a tube is given by Jurin's law of capillary action, which balances surface tension and gravity. For fluids composed of active particles interacting via pairwise forces, a capillary rise was reported despite a negative mechanical surface tension, a phenomenon which remains unexplained. We establish the active form of Jurin's law from the microscopic dynamics. It includes a drag emerging from particle currents that we find responsible for capillary rise. These active currents, alongside negative surface tension, lead to complex and counterintuitive capillary action phenomena that are impossible in equilibrium. In particular the capillary rise of active fluids depends on the shape of the tube, not solely on the tube diameter.
ER -