In Vivo K-edge Imaging on a Clinical Dual-source PCCT: Feasibility of Gadolinium Applications in a Porcine…

Abstract

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of in vivo gadolinium K-edge imaging on a clinical dual-source photon-counting CT (PCCT) system in a porcine model and to assess its performance for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, functional biliary imaging, and dual-contrast (bi-phasic) imaging.

Materials and MethodsA single healthy Yorkshire-Landrace pig was imaged on a clinical dual-source PCCT system (140 kVp; energy thresholds 20/55/72/90 keV; CTDIvol 12 mGy). Gadolinium K-edge material-specific maps were generated with a calibration- based least-squares material decomposition. Three imaging protocols were evaluated for feasibility: (A) contrast dose testing for dynamic imaging with a hepatobiliary-clearing gadolinium contrast agent (0.2 and 0.8 mL/kg); (B) functional biliary imaging with dynamic and delayed acquisitions; and (C) dual-contrast imaging with simultaneous iodine and gadolinium decomposition. Attenuation (HU) and material concentrations (mg/mL) were measured from regions of interest.

ResultsGadolinium was quantifiable in material-specific maps at a contrast dose of 0.8 mL/kg (arterial aortic signal, 114 {+/-} 4 HU and 1.4 {+/-} 0.3 mg/mL; delayed bile duct, 111 {+/-} 4 HU and 4.3 {+/-} 0.4 mg/mL). Hepatobiliary excretion was tracked over time, with bile duct gadolinium plateauing near 3.3 mg/mL approximately 15 minutes after injection. In the dual-contrast acquisition, arterial gadolinium (2.5 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) and portal venous iodine (1.9 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) were separated within the liver, and both agents were separated within the ureters.

ConclusionsIn this proof of concept, gadolinium K-edge imaging was feasible on a clinical dual-source PCCT system for dynamic, functional biliary, and dual-contrast applications, supporting further development with improved material-decomposition sensitivity and confirmation in larger studies.

Key PointsO_LIGadolinium K-edge imaging is feasible in vivo on a clinical dual-source photon- counting CT system, producing gadolinium-specific quantitative maps. C_LIO_LIFunctional biliary imaging with gadoxetate disodium tracked hepatobiliary excretion over time, with biliary gadolinium plateauing approximately 15 minutes after injection. C_LIO_LIA dual-contrast acquisition separated gadolinium (arterial phase) from iodine (portal venous phase) within the liver and ureters, enabling simultaneous multi-phase, multi-agent imaging. C_LI

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BibTeX RIS

BibTeX

@misc{rybertt2026vivo,
  title = {{In Vivo K-edge Imaging on a Clinical Dual-source PCCT: Feasibility of Gadolinium Applications in a Porcine Model}},
  author = {M. V. Rybertt and L. P. Liu and P. Sahbaee and G. McClung and M. Mathew and P. B. Noël and A. H. Dhanaliwala},
  howpublished = {medRxiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472},
  url = {https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1},
  note = {CC BY},
}

RIS

TY  - UNPB
TI  - In Vivo K-edge Imaging on a Clinical Dual-source PCCT: Feasibility of Gadolinium Applications in a Porcine Model
AU  - M. V. Rybertt
AU  - L. P. Liu
AU  - P. Sahbaee
AU  - G. McClung
AU  - M. Mathew
AU  - P. B. Noël
AU  - A. H. Dhanaliwala
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/07
PB  - medRxiv
DO  - 10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472
UR  - https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.26362472v1
AB  - ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of in vivo gadolinium K-edge imaging on a clinical dual-source photon-counting CT (PCCT) system in a porcine model and to assess its performance for dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, functional biliary imaging, and dual-contrast (bi-phasic) imaging.  Materials and MethodsA single healthy Yorkshire-Landrace pig was imaged on a clinical dual-source PCCT system (140 kVp; energy thresholds 20/55/72/90 keV; CTDIvol 12 mGy). Gadolinium K-edge material-specific maps were generated with a calibration- based least-squares material decomposition. Three imaging protocols were evaluated for feasibility: (A) contrast dose testing for dynamic imaging with a hepatobiliary-clearing gadolinium contrast agent (0.2 and 0.8 mL/kg); (B) functional biliary imaging with dynamic and delayed acquisitions; and (C) dual-contrast imaging with simultaneous iodine and gadolinium decomposition. Attenuation (HU) and material concentrations (mg/mL) were measured from regions of interest.  ResultsGadolinium was quantifiable in material-specific maps at a contrast dose of 0.8 mL/kg (arterial aortic signal, 114 {+/-} 4 HU and 1.4 {+/-} 0.3 mg/mL; delayed bile duct, 111 {+/-} 4 HU and 4.3 {+/-} 0.4 mg/mL). Hepatobiliary excretion was tracked over time, with bile duct gadolinium plateauing near 3.3 mg/mL approximately 15 minutes after injection. In the dual-contrast acquisition, arterial gadolinium (2.5 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) and portal venous iodine (1.9 {+/-} 0.7 mg/mL) were separated within the liver, and both agents were separated within the ureters.  ConclusionsIn this proof of concept, gadolinium K-edge imaging was feasible on a clinical dual-source PCCT system for dynamic, functional biliary, and dual-contrast applications, supporting further development with improved material-decomposition sensitivity and confirmation in larger studies.  Key PointsO_LIGadolinium K-edge imaging is feasible in vivo on a clinical dual-source photon- counting CT system, producing gadolinium-specific quantitative maps. C_LIO_LIFunctional biliary imaging with gadoxetate disodium tracked hepatobiliary excretion over time, with biliary gadolinium plateauing approximately 15 minutes after injection. C_LIO_LIA dual-contrast acquisition separated gadolinium (arterial phase) from iodine (portal venous phase) within the liver and ureters, enabling simultaneous multi-phase, multi-agent imaging. C_LI
ER  -

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