Multipole Decomposition of Moving Sources

@misc{chen2026multipole,
  title = {{Multipole Decomposition of Moving Sources}},
  author = {Shuhang Chen and Yutong Li and Xinmeng Wang and Qi Zhu},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.09654},
  eprint = {2611.09654},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09654},
}

TY  - UNPB
TI  - Multipole Decomposition of Moving Sources
AU  - Shuhang Chen
AU  - Yutong Li
AU  - Xinmeng Wang
AU  - Qi Zhu
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/06
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.09654
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.09654
AB  - Cartesian multipole moments are widely used to analyze and engineer radiation, but the usual relations for their radiated fields assume a wavevector-independent source frequency. For moving sources, Doppler shifts make the frequency depend on the wavevector, so the radiated fields predicted from the moments generally carry errors proportional to v/c. From charge conservation in the laboratory frame, we derive a multipole decomposition of moving sources that retains the usual moments but evaluates their contributions at Doppler-shifted wavenumbers and adds a convection-current term. Requiring no rest frame, it applies to moving matter and to excitation patterns in synthetic motion through media at rest, including superluminal ones. The decomposition also extends to nonuniform translation and to nonrigid patterns with curved spectral supports. Exact calculations for moving electric, magnetic, and toroidal dipoles confirm the decomposition and attribute the different radiation of a dipole in moving matter and in synthetic motion to the laboratory moments that each kind of motion induces. For an anapole, these moments decide whether it radiates. An anapole carried by uniformly moving matter remains nonradiating, whereas an excitation pattern with the same electric and toroidal dipoles radiates in synthetic motion. The decomposition thus makes multipolar analysis available for moving matter and for excitation patterns in synthetic motion, and it opens the way to designing their radiation.
ER  -