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Peer-reviewedCC BYACS omega

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Cobalt-Doped Ag3PO4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method

  • Daniel Pais Ospina1,2
  • Yurimiler Leyet Ruiz3
  • David Comedi1,2
  • Ronaldo Santos da Silva4
  • Simone Ramos de Castro5
  • Jéssica Araújo Marques6
  • Rubens Lucas de Freitas Filho7
  • Marcos A. Bolson8
  • Ézio Sargentini-Júnior8
  • Lázaro Miranda Carvalho9
  • Oscar Marin-Ramirez1,2
  • Francisco Xavier Nobre5,10
10 affiliations
  1. 1Universidad Nacional de Tucumán , , Avenida Independencia 1800 , ,
  2. 2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Tucumán , , Avenida Independencia 1800 , ,
  3. 3Universidade Federal do Amazonas , , , ,
  4. 4Federal University of Sergipe , , , ,
  5. 5Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas , , Campus Manaus Centro (CMC) , , ,
  6. 6Universidade do Estado do Amazonas − CMABio , , , ,
  7. 7ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG , , , ,
  8. 8Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, INPA , , ,
  9. 9Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, IFPI , Campus José de Freitas , ,
  10. 10Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas , , Campus Manaus Centro (IFAM-CMC) , , ,
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Abstract

Pristine and cobalt-doped silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) containing nominal Co concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mol % were synthesized by a hydrothermal method to investigate the influence of Co incorporation on structural, optical, photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antiphotocorrosion properties. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed preservation of the cubic Ag3PO4 structure, while variations in lattice parameters, Raman modes, particle morphology, and surface chemical states indicated Co-induced local distortion and defect formation. EDX and ICP-OES confirmed the presence of cobalt, whereas XPS revealed modifications in the Ag and O surface environments. The fundamental optical bandgaps ranged from 2.37 to 2.46 eV, with additional sub-bandgap absorptions at 1.68 and 1.65 eV for AgP:3Co and AgP:5Co, respectively. Progressive photoluminescence quenching demonstrated that Co strongly modifies charge-relaxation pathways. Despite their low BET surface areas (0.953–5.608 m2 g–1), the doped materials displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity, showing that performance was not controlled by surface area alone. AgP:3Co exhibited the highest methylene-blue removal under simulated solar irradiation, reaching 93.26% after 20 min, with 120.26 × 10–3 min–1 and t1/2 = 5.76 min. Scavenger experiments identified photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals as the predominant oxidative species. After five reuse cycles, AgP:3Co retained approximately 87% activity and showed greater structural and morphological stability than pristine Ag3PO4. All samples also exhibited strain-dependent antimicrobial activity against reference strains and clinical isolates. Overall, 3 mol % Co provided the most favorable balance among defect chemistry, charge utilization, photocatalytic efficiency, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to photocorrosion.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{ospina2026photocatalytic,
  title = {{Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Cobalt-Doped Ag3PO4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method}},
  author = {Daniel Pais Ospina and Yurimiler Leyet Ruiz and David Comedi and Ronaldo Santos da Silva and Simone Ramos de Castro and Jéssica Araújo Marques and Rubens Lucas de Freitas Filho and Marcos A. Bolson and Ézio Sargentini-Júnior and Lázaro Miranda Carvalho and Oscar Marin-Ramirez and Francisco Xavier Nobre},
  journal = {ACS omega},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1021/acsomega.6c06289},
  url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670795},
  note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Cobalt-Doped Ag3PO4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method
AU  - Daniel Pais Ospina
AU  - Yurimiler Leyet Ruiz
AU  - David Comedi
AU  - Ronaldo Santos da Silva
AU  - Simone Ramos de Castro
AU  - Jéssica Araújo Marques
AU  - Rubens Lucas de Freitas Filho
AU  - Marcos A. Bolson
AU  - Ézio Sargentini-Júnior
AU  - Lázaro Miranda Carvalho
AU  - Oscar Marin-Ramirez
AU  - Francisco Xavier Nobre
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/30
JO  - ACS omega
DO  - 10.1021/acsomega.6c06289
UR  - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13670795
AB  - Pristine and cobalt-doped silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) containing nominal Co concentrations of 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 mol % were synthesized by a hydrothermal method to investigate the influence of Co incorporation on structural, optical, photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antiphotocorrosion properties. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed preservation of the cubic Ag3PO4 structure, while variations in lattice parameters, Raman modes, particle morphology, and surface chemical states indicated Co-induced local distortion and defect formation. EDX and ICP-OES confirmed the presence of cobalt, whereas XPS revealed modifications in the Ag and O surface environments. The fundamental optical bandgaps ranged from 2.37 to 2.46 eV, with additional sub-bandgap absorptions at 1.68 and 1.65 eV for AgP:3Co and AgP:5Co, respectively. Progressive photoluminescence quenching demonstrated that Co strongly modifies charge-relaxation pathways. Despite their low BET surface areas (0.953–5.608 m2 g–1), the doped materials displayed enhanced photocatalytic activity, showing that performance was not controlled by surface area alone. AgP:3Co exhibited the highest methylene-blue removal under simulated solar irradiation, reaching 93.26% after 20 min, with 120.26 × 10–3 min–1 and t1/2 = 5.76 min. Scavenger experiments identified photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals as the predominant oxidative species. After five reuse cycles, AgP:3Co retained approximately 87% activity and showed greater structural and morphological stability than pristine Ag3PO4. All samples also exhibited strain-dependent antimicrobial activity against reference strains and clinical isolates. Overall, 3 mol % Co provided the most favorable balance among defect chemistry, charge utilization, photocatalytic efficiency, antimicrobial activity, and resistance to photocorrosion.
SN  - 2470-1343
ER  -