Perceived shared decision-making (SDM) involvement and its association with patient satisfaction among primary healthcare visitors in Makkah city: a cross-sectional study
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health , ,
Abstract
Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an important component of patient-centered care, but evidence regarding its relationship with patient satisfaction in Saudi primary healthcare remains limited. This study assessed perceived SDM involvement among adults attending primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Makkah City and examined its cross-sectional association with patient satisfaction.
Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among adults attending eight PHCCs in Makkah City during 2025. PHCCs were selected using stratified random sampling across four geographical sectors, while participants within selected centers were recruited using convenience sampling. Perceived SDM was measured using the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9), and patient satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire–Short Form (PSQ-18). Spearman's rank correlation and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between SDM and satisfaction. HC3 robust standard errors, PHCC-adjusted regression, and median quantile regression were used as sensitivity analyses.
Results: Of 413 completed questionnaires, 407 eligible participants were included. Mean age was 32.1 ± 11.7 years; 72.2% were female and 88.2% were Saudi nationals. The mean SDM-Q-9 score was 53.99 ± 33.03 and the mean PSQ-18 score was 59.20 ± 9.57. SDM-Q-9 scores were weakly positively correlated with PSQ-18 scores (ρ = 0.258, P < 0.001). In the adjusted model, each 10-point increase in SDM-Q-9 was associated with a 0.91-point higher PSQ-18 score (95% CI, 0.58–1.23; P < 0.001). The association remained consistent after PHCC adjustment (0.86; 95% CI, 0.52–1.21) and median quantile regression (0.87; 95% CI, 0.41–1.33).
Conclusion: Greater perceived involvement in shared decision-making was consistently associated with higher patient satisfaction among adults attending PHCCs in Makkah City. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings indicate an association rather than a causal effect.
Related
- Association between knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding family doctor contract services and perceived healthcare barriers among contracted residents: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
- Healthcare providers’ confidence, satisfaction, and perceived preparedness following a multicomponent simulation-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation training program in Gaza
- CBD use characteristics associated with perceived effects and satisfaction among CBD product users in Japan: an exploratory analysis of a cross-sectional web-based survey
- Resilience as an indirect pathway linking perceived skill development and institutional support with job satisfaction and burnout among nurses in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
- Perceived importance, self-rated performance satisfaction, learning stress, and practicum experiences among nursing students: A cross-sectional study with supplementary open-ended responses
BibTeX
@article{alghamdi2026perceived,
title = {{Perceived shared decision-making (SDM) involvement and its association with patient satisfaction among primary healthcare visitors in Makkah city: a cross-sectional study}},
author = {Alaa Ahmed Alghamdi and Jehad Helal Alqurashi},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2026.1984378},
url = {https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727600},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Perceived shared decision-making (SDM) involvement and its association with patient satisfaction among primary healthcare visitors in Makkah city: a cross-sectional study
AU - Alaa Ahmed Alghamdi
AU - Jehad Helal Alqurashi
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/20
JO - Frontiers in medicine
DO - 10.3389/fmed.2026.1984378
UR - https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13727600
AB - Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) is an important component of patient-centered care, but evidence regarding its relationship with patient satisfaction in Saudi primary healthcare remains limited. This study assessed perceived SDM involvement among adults attending primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) in Makkah City and examined its cross-sectional association with patient satisfaction. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted among adults attending eight PHCCs in Makkah City during 2025. PHCCs were selected using stratified random sampling across four geographical sectors, while participants within selected centers were recruited using convenience sampling. Perceived SDM was measured using the 9-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9), and patient satisfaction was assessed using the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire–Short Form (PSQ-18). Spearman's rank correlation and multivariable linear regression were used to assess the association between SDM and satisfaction. HC3 robust standard errors, PHCC-adjusted regression, and median quantile regression were used as sensitivity analyses. Results: Of 413 completed questionnaires, 407 eligible participants were included. Mean age was 32.1 ± 11.7 years; 72.2% were female and 88.2% were Saudi nationals. The mean SDM-Q-9 score was 53.99 ± 33.03 and the mean PSQ-18 score was 59.20 ± 9.57. SDM-Q-9 scores were weakly positively correlated with PSQ-18 scores (ρ = 0.258, P < 0.001). In the adjusted model, each 10-point increase in SDM-Q-9 was associated with a 0.91-point higher PSQ-18 score (95% CI, 0.58–1.23; P < 0.001). The association remained consistent after PHCC adjustment (0.86; 95% CI, 0.52–1.21) and median quantile regression (0.87; 95% CI, 0.41–1.33). Conclusion: Greater perceived involvement in shared decision-making was consistently associated with higher patient satisfaction among adults attending PHCCs in Makkah City. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings indicate an association rather than a causal effect.
SN - 2296-858X
ER -