Progress toward identifying atomic transitions in lawrencium
Abstract
In recent years, significant efforts have been made to investigate the atomic structure of lawrencium (Lr, Z=103)—the heaviest actinide element—using laser spectroscopy. This article presents the current status of the experimental search for atomic transitions in lawrencium at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, along with the necessary developments toward achieving laser spectroscopy of this element. We have advanced the method of radiation-detected resonance ionization spectroscopy (RADRIS), which has previously enabled the first laser spectroscopic studies of nobelium. We have conducted essential preparatory studies, demonstrating that lawrencium can be efficiently evaporated from hafnium filaments. Using two-step laser resonance ionization, we scanned a spectral range of approximately 800 cm−1 around each of two different, theoretically predicted strong atomic transitions. Based on the measured background and the determined system efficiency, we demonstrate that our experimental setup is sensitive enough to detect these atomic transitions, albeit no atomic transitions have been observed to date.Schematic view of the scanned level scheme in 255Lr.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Schematic view of the scanned level scheme in 255Lr.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
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BibTeX
@article{rickert2026progress,
title = {{Progress toward identifying atomic transitions in lawrencium}},
author = {Elisabeth Rickert and Jessica Warbinek and Premaditya Chhetri and Sebastian Raeder and Brankica Andelić and Julian Auler and Michael Block and Pierre Chauveau and Bradley Cheal and Arno Claessens and Antoine de Roubin and Charlie Devlin and Sven Efinger and Julia Even and Rafael Ferrer and Francesca Giacoppo and Thomas Goigoux and Manuel J Gutiérrez and Fritz-Peter Heßberger and Fedor Ivandikov and Magdalena Kaja and Oliver Kaleja and Tom Kieck and Eunkang Kim and Sandro Kraemer and Mustapha Laatiaou and Jeremy Lantis and Werner Lauth and Nathalie Lecesne and Andrew Mistry and Iain Moore and Tobias Murböck and Danny Münzberg and Steven Nothhelfer and Andrea Raggio and Emmanuel Rey-Herme and Jekabs Romans and Elisa Romero-Romero and Hervé Savjols and Jonas Schneider and Matou Stemmler and Barbara Sulignano and Piet van Duppen and Marine Vandebrouck and Matthias Verlinde and Elise Verstraelen and Thomas Walther and Klaus Wendt},
journal = {The European Physical Journal D : Atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01198-9},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-05677109v1},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Progress toward identifying atomic transitions in lawrencium
AU - Elisabeth Rickert
AU - Jessica Warbinek
AU - Premaditya Chhetri
AU - Sebastian Raeder
AU - Brankica Andelić
AU - Julian Auler
AU - Michael Block
AU - Pierre Chauveau
AU - Bradley Cheal
AU - Arno Claessens
AU - Antoine de Roubin
AU - Charlie Devlin
AU - Sven Efinger
AU - Julia Even
AU - Rafael Ferrer
AU - Francesca Giacoppo
AU - Thomas Goigoux
AU - Manuel J Gutiérrez
AU - Fritz-Peter Heßberger
AU - Fedor Ivandikov
AU - Magdalena Kaja
AU - Oliver Kaleja
AU - Tom Kieck
AU - Eunkang Kim
AU - Sandro Kraemer
AU - Mustapha Laatiaou
AU - Jeremy Lantis
AU - Werner Lauth
AU - Nathalie Lecesne
AU - Andrew Mistry
AU - Iain Moore
AU - Tobias Murböck
AU - Danny Münzberg
AU - Steven Nothhelfer
AU - Andrea Raggio
AU - Emmanuel Rey-Herme
AU - Jekabs Romans
AU - Elisa Romero-Romero
AU - Hervé Savjols
AU - Jonas Schneider
AU - Matou Stemmler
AU - Barbara Sulignano
AU - Piet van Duppen
AU - Marine Vandebrouck
AU - Matthias Verlinde
AU - Elise Verstraelen
AU - Thomas Walther
AU - Klaus Wendt
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/13
JO - The European Physical Journal D : Atomic, molecular, optical and plasma physics
DO - 10.1140/epjd/s10053-026-01198-9
UR - https://hal.science/hal-05677109v1
AB - In recent years, significant efforts have been made to investigate the atomic structure of lawrencium (Lr, Z=103)—the heaviest actinide element—using laser spectroscopy. This article presents the current status of the experimental search for atomic transitions in lawrencium at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany, along with the necessary developments toward achieving laser spectroscopy of this element. We have advanced the method of radiation-detected resonance ionization spectroscopy (RADRIS), which has previously enabled the first laser spectroscopic studies of nobelium. We have conducted essential preparatory studies, demonstrating that lawrencium can be efficiently evaporated from hafnium filaments. Using two-step laser resonance ionization, we scanned a spectral range of approximately 800 cm^−1 around each of two different, theoretically predicted strong atomic transitions. Based on the measured background and the determined system efficiency, we demonstrate that our experimental setup is sensitive enough to detect these atomic transitions, albeit no atomic transitions have been observed to date.Schematic view of the scanned level scheme in 255Lr.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Schematic view of the scanned level scheme in 255Lr.[graphic not available: see fulltext]
SN - 1434-6060
SN - 1434-6079
ER -