A Mathematical Study of an SIS Epidemic Model: Global Asymptotic Stability Analysis and Construction of Nonstandard Numerical Schemes
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a rigorous mathematical analysis of a well-known SIS epidemic model with a saturating contact rate. First, we establish the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the model's equilibria by employing a suitable Lyapunov function in combination with the Poincaré--Bendixson theorem and the Bendixson--Dulac criterion. The resulting GAS results improve upon previous findings for this SIS model and may also be applicable to its extensions with more general saturating contact rates. Second, we construct families of first- and second-order nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) schemes that preserve the positivity and asymptotic stability properties of the SIS model for arbitrary step sizes. All these schemes are formulated within Mickens' framework; however, compared with their first-order counterparts, the second-order schemes employ a more elaborate construction that combines a weighted nonlocal approximation of the right-hand side with suitably renormalized denominator functions. The weighted nonlocal approximation guarantees dynamic consistency, whereas the denominator functions ensure second-order convergence. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed NSFD schemes. The numerical results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The approach developed in this work is applicable not only to other epidemiological systems but also, more generally, to mathematical models arising in a wide range of real-world applications.
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BibTeX
@misc{hoang2026mathematical,
title = {{A Mathematical Study of an SIS Epidemic Model: Global Asymptotic Stability Analysis and Construction of Nonstandard Numerical Schemes}},
author = {Manh Tuan Hoang},
howpublished = {arXiv},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2609.29567},
eprint = {2609.29567},
archivePrefix = {arXiv},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29567},
note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY - UNPB
TI - A Mathematical Study of an SIS Epidemic Model: Global Asymptotic Stability Analysis and Construction of Nonstandard Numerical Schemes
AU - Manh Tuan Hoang
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/09/01
PB - arXiv
DO - 10.48550/arxiv.2609.29567
UR - https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.29567
AB - The aim of this work is to provide a rigorous mathematical analysis of a well-known SIS epidemic model with a saturating contact rate. First, we establish the global asymptotic stability (GAS) of the model's equilibria by employing a suitable Lyapunov function in combination with the Poincaré--Bendixson theorem and the Bendixson--Dulac criterion. The resulting GAS results improve upon previous findings for this SIS model and may also be applicable to its extensions with more general saturating contact rates. Second, we construct families of first- and second-order nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) schemes that preserve the positivity and asymptotic stability properties of the SIS model for arbitrary step sizes. All these schemes are formulated within Mickens' framework; however, compared with their first-order counterparts, the second-order schemes employ a more elaborate construction that combines a weighted nonlocal approximation of the right-hand side with suitably renormalized denominator functions. The weighted nonlocal approximation guarantees dynamic consistency, whereas the denominator functions ensure second-order convergence. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed NSFD schemes. The numerical results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The approach developed in this work is applicable not only to other epidemiological systems but also, more generally, to mathematical models arising in a wide range of real-world applications.
ER -