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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Journal of High Energy Physics

Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes

  • Keito Shimizu1
  • Sotaro Sugishita2,3
  1. 1Kyoto University
  2. 2Hokkaido University
  3. 3RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS), RIKEN
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Abstract

A bstract : We revisit electric and magnetic surface charges and edge modes in four-dimensional Maxwell theory and QED on a spacetime with a finite spatial boundary. Using the S-wall, which implements electromagnetic duality, we clarify the dual structure of surface charges. We show that, for the standard Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, large gauge transformations and the corresponding shifts of edge modes are gauge redundancies rather than physical boundary symmetries. We also consider singular large gauge transformations and interpret them as insertions of Wilson or ’t Hooft loops on the boundary. For modified boundary conditions, we show that large gauge transformations can become genuine physical boundary symmetries generated by topological surface operators, and that the corresponding edge modes can become physical. We further construct new boundary conditions that are electromagnetic duals of the modified boundary conditions.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{shimizu2026revisiting,
  title = {{Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes}},
  author = {Keito Shimizu and Sotaro Sugishita},
  journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics},
  year = {2026},
  month = oct,
  doi = {10.1007/jhep10(2026)026},
  url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)026},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes
AU  - Keito Shimizu
AU  - Sotaro Sugishita
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/10/02
JO  - Journal of High Energy Physics
DO  - 10.1007/jhep10(2026)026
UR  - https://link.springer.com/10.1007/JHEP10(2026)026
AB  - A bstract : We revisit electric and magnetic surface charges and edge modes in four-dimensional Maxwell theory and QED on a spacetime with a finite spatial boundary. Using the S-wall, which implements electromagnetic duality, we clarify the dual structure of surface charges. We show that, for the standard Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, large gauge transformations and the corresponding shifts of edge modes are gauge redundancies rather than physical boundary symmetries. We also consider singular large gauge transformations and interpret them as insertions of Wilson or ’t Hooft loops on the boundary. For modified boundary conditions, we show that large gauge transformations can become genuine physical boundary symmetries generated by topological surface operators, and that the corresponding edge modes can become physical. We further construct new boundary conditions that are electromagnetic duals of the modified boundary conditions.
SN  - 1029-8479
ER  -