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Peer-reviewedCC BY 4.0Nature Communications

The brain of the female Anopheles gambiae mosquito at spatial and single-cell resolution

  • Irene Z Rossi1
  • Cécile Cassan2
  • Johannes W Bagnoli2
  • Sümeyye Özhan3,4
  • Adeline Valente2
  • Quentin J Delorme2
  • Geert-Jan van Gemert5
  • Chiara Andolina5
  • Wouter Graumans5
  • Richárd Bártfai6
  • Avinash R Shenoy7
  • David Carrasco2
5 more authors
  • Emmanuel Perisse8
  • Teun Bousema5
  • Sarah H Merkling3
  • Anna Cohuet9
  • Arthur M Talman10
10 affiliations
  1. 1MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France. [email protected].
  2. 2MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
  3. 3Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Insect Infection & Immunity Unit, Paris, France.
  4. 4Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France.
  5. 5Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
  6. 6Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
  7. 7Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, UK.
  8. 8Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
  9. 9MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France. [email protected].
  10. 10MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France. [email protected].
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Abstract

Blood feeding in Anopheles mosquitoes is at the root of all malaria infections in humans and is supported by a range of physiological and behavioral adaptations. Since behavior is orchestrated at the level of the central nervous system, we surveyed the cellular diversity and spatial organization of the female Anopheles gambiae brain and compared it to other insect species. We then describe transcriptional changes associated with mosquito life history events with single brain and single-cell RNA sequencing. We did not identify expansion of specific cell populations, but a modulation of neurotransmission in the mated mosquitoes, and a metabolic and immune response associated with glia, Kenyon cells and immune cells after bloodmeal, and detected signatures of aging in the mosquito brain. We did not find an effect of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Our atlas will empower the study of non-model insect neurobiology, neural basis of vector behavior, and mechanisms underlying malaria transmission.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@article{rossi2026brain,
  title = {{The brain of the female Anopheles gambiae mosquito at spatial and single-cell resolution}},
  author = {Irene Z Rossi and Cécile Cassan and Johannes W Bagnoli and Sümeyye Özhan and Adeline Valente and Quentin J Delorme and Geert-Jan van Gemert and Chiara Andolina and Wouter Graumans and Richárd Bártfai and Avinash R Shenoy and David Carrasco and Emmanuel Perisse and Teun Bousema and Sarah H Merkling and Anna Cohuet and Arthur M Talman},
  journal = {Nature Communications},
  year = {2026},
  month = sep,
  doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-76839-z},
  url = {https://hal.science/hal-05830062v1},
  note = {CC BY 4.0},
}
RIS
TY  - JOUR
TI  - The brain of the female Anopheles gambiae mosquito at spatial and single-cell resolution
AU  - Irene Z Rossi
AU  - Cécile Cassan
AU  - Johannes W Bagnoli
AU  - Sümeyye Özhan
AU  - Adeline Valente
AU  - Quentin J Delorme
AU  - Geert-Jan van Gemert
AU  - Chiara Andolina
AU  - Wouter Graumans
AU  - Richárd Bártfai
AU  - Avinash R Shenoy
AU  - David Carrasco
AU  - Emmanuel Perisse
AU  - Teun Bousema
AU  - Sarah H Merkling
AU  - Anna Cohuet
AU  - Arthur M Talman
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/09/17
JO  - Nature Communications
DO  - 10.1038/s41467-026-76839-z
UR  - https://hal.science/hal-05830062v1
AB  - Blood feeding in Anopheles mosquitoes is at the root of all malaria infections in humans and is supported by a range of physiological and behavioral adaptations. Since behavior is orchestrated at the level of the central nervous system, we surveyed the cellular diversity and spatial organization of the female Anopheles gambiae brain and compared it to other insect species. We then describe transcriptional changes associated with mosquito life history events with single brain and single-cell RNA sequencing. We did not identify expansion of specific cell populations, but a modulation of neurotransmission in the mated mosquitoes, and a metabolic and immune response associated with glia, Kenyon cells and immune cells after bloodmeal, and detected signatures of aging in the mosquito brain. We did not find an effect of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Our atlas will empower the study of non-model insect neurobiology, neural basis of vector behavior, and mechanisms underlying malaria transmission.
SN  - 2041-1723
SN  - 2041-1723
ER  -