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PreprintarXiv licencearXiv

Trapping and Fracture of Particles in Three-Sphere Ball-Milling Collisions

  • Ziyi Cui
  • Qiong Zhang
  • Suwei Liu
  • Richard M. Lueptow
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Abstract

We numerically investigate the collision and fracture processes of ball milling based on a minimal model of a three-sphere geometry using discrete element method (DEM) simulations combined with Christensen-type and Weibull-type normalized fracture criteria. The outcome of the brittle target particle (ejected versus trapped, fractured versus intact) depends on the impact geometry and velocity. We develop a reduced three-sphere collision description in which trapping is governed by impact geometry and friction, while fracture inside the trapping regime is evaluated from DEM output using stress-based and contact-force-based normalized criteria. The trapping regime follows a closed-form geometric condition, while the critical conditions for fracture vary with impact angle, obliquity angle, impact velocity, and particle size ratio. Head-on collisions with larger size ratios require lower critical impact velocities for fracture.

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Cite

BibTeXRIS
BibTeX
@misc{cui2026trapping,
  title = {{Trapping and Fracture of Particles in Three-Sphere Ball-Milling Collisions}},
  author = {Ziyi Cui and Qiong Zhang and Suwei Liu and Richard M. Lueptow},
  howpublished = {arXiv},
  year = {2026},
  month = nov,
  doi = {10.48550/arxiv.2611.08435},
  eprint = {2611.08435},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08435},
}
RIS
TY  - UNPB
TI  - Trapping and Fracture of Particles in Three-Sphere Ball-Milling Collisions
AU  - Ziyi Cui
AU  - Qiong Zhang
AU  - Suwei Liu
AU  - Richard M. Lueptow
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2026/11/05
PB  - arXiv
DO  - 10.48550/arxiv.2611.08435
UR  - https://arxiv.org/abs/2611.08435
AB  - We numerically investigate the collision and fracture processes of ball milling based on a minimal model of a three-sphere geometry using discrete element method (DEM) simulations combined with Christensen-type and Weibull-type normalized fracture criteria. The outcome of the brittle target particle (ejected versus trapped, fractured versus intact) depends on the impact geometry and velocity. We develop a reduced three-sphere collision description in which trapping is governed by impact geometry and friction, while fracture inside the trapping regime is evaluated from DEM output using stress-based and contact-force-based normalized criteria. The trapping regime follows a closed-form geometric condition, while the critical conditions for fracture vary with impact angle, obliquity angle, impact velocity, and particle size ratio. Head-on collisions with larger size ratios require lower critical impact velocities for fracture.
ER  -