Dose‐Dependent Efficacy of Radioiodine Therapy in Pediatric Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Study of Hypothyroidism Risk and the Predictive Role of Thyroid Hormone Parameters
5 affiliations
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- 2The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- 3Department of Nuclear Medicine Panzhihua Central Hospital Panzhihua China
- 4Department of Radiology The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- 5Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Treatment of Nuclear Medicine Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
Abstract
Background Outcomes of radioactive iodine therapy in pediatric Graves' disease vary. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy and identify prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 156 pediatric patients with Graves' disease treated with radioactive iodine therapy between 2012 and 2022 with ≥ 1 year of follow‐up. Multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression identified efficacy predictors. Outcomes were compared by planned activities (≥ 0.15 mCi/g vs. < 0.15 mCi/g) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody concentrations. Results Success rates rose from 60.1% (86/143) (3 months) to 79.3% (73/92) (12 months), and hypothyroidism increased from 39.9% (57/143) to 54.3% (50/92). Free triiodothyronine and thyroid‐stimulating hormone concentrations were identified as key predictors of efficacy. A higher treatment success rate was observed with planned activity ≥ 0.15 mCi/g (76.2% vs. 49.4%), although the difference was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (adjusted p = 0.056). Higher thyrotrophin receptor antibody concentrations showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower success of therapy. Conclusions Radioactive iodine shows time‐dependent efficacy in pediatric Graves' disease. Free triiodothyronine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and planned radioactive iodine activity were associated with treatment outcomes in this cohort. Higher planned activities were associated with higher cure rates but also an increased risk of hypothyroidism. These exploratory findings require prospective external validation before being applied to individualized treatment planning.
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BibTeX
@article{tian2026dosedependent,
title = {{Dose‐Dependent Efficacy of Radioiodine Therapy in Pediatric Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Study of Hypothyroidism Risk and the Predictive Role of Thyroid Hormone Parameters}},
author = {Xiaoxue Tian and Dan Zhang and Yihui Wang and Lujie Cao and Junpu Jian and Jiangyan Liu and Changping Liang and Yinzhong Wang and Yonghui Chen},
journal = {iRADIOLOGY},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
doi = {10.1002/ird3.70087},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70087},
note = {CC BY},
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
TI - Dose‐Dependent Efficacy of Radioiodine Therapy in Pediatric Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Study of Hypothyroidism Risk and the Predictive Role of Thyroid Hormone Parameters
AU - Xiaoxue Tian
AU - Dan Zhang
AU - Yihui Wang
AU - Lujie Cao
AU - Junpu Jian
AU - Jiangyan Liu
AU - Changping Liang
AU - Yinzhong Wang
AU - Yonghui Chen
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/30
JO - iRADIOLOGY
DO - 10.1002/ird3.70087
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/ird3.70087
AB - Background Outcomes of radioactive iodine therapy in pediatric Graves' disease vary. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy and identify prognostic factors. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 156 pediatric patients with Graves' disease treated with radioactive iodine therapy between 2012 and 2022 with ≥ 1 year of follow‐up. Multivariate least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression identified efficacy predictors. Outcomes were compared by planned activities (≥ 0.15 mCi/g vs. < 0.15 mCi/g) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody concentrations. Results Success rates rose from 60.1% (86/143) (3 months) to 79.3% (73/92) (12 months), and hypothyroidism increased from 39.9% (57/143) to 54.3% (50/92). Free triiodothyronine and thyroid‐stimulating hormone concentrations were identified as key predictors of efficacy. A higher treatment success rate was observed with planned activity ≥ 0.15 mCi/g (76.2% vs. 49.4%), although the difference was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (adjusted p = 0.056). Higher thyrotrophin receptor antibody concentrations showed a nonsignificant trend toward lower success of therapy. Conclusions Radioactive iodine shows time‐dependent efficacy in pediatric Graves' disease. Free triiodothyronine, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and planned radioactive iodine activity were associated with treatment outcomes in this cohort. Higher planned activities were associated with higher cure rates but also an increased risk of hypothyroidism. These exploratory findings require prospective external validation before being applied to individualized treatment planning.
SN - 2834-2879
SN - 2834-2860
ER -